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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":789,"relatedVideos":790},112472441355484,"6fbdff41-bc3e-4d98-a3ac-25d11a9916f7","Battery production scrap to be main source of recyclable material this decade","battery-production-scrap-to-be-main-source-of-recyclable-material-this-decade","article/battery-production-scrap-to-be-main-source-of-recyclable-material-this-decade",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":553,"content":563,"excerpt":761,"featured":51,"reporter":762,"_editable":766,"component":767,"seo_title":543,"categories":768,"visibility":781,"author_company":49,"featured_image":782,"seo_description":761,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":787,"formattedArticleDate":788},"eb38011b-38e3-4a84-941b-a498ae829fa0","2022-09-05 00:00",[550],{"slug":551,"name":552},"data-visualisation","Data Visualisation",[554],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":557},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":558,"image":559,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":560},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":564,"content":565},"doc",[566,573,578,583,588,593,596,603,608,613,618,623,628,633,638,643,648,653,658,663,668,673,678,683,688,693,698,703,718,723,728,733,738,743,748],{"type":567,"attrs":568,"content":569},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[570],{"text":571,"type":572},"Scrap from gigafactories will be the primary source of recyclable battery material for the next decade, according to Benchmark’s Recycling Report.","text",{"type":567,"attrs":574,"content":575},{"textAlign":49},[576],{"text":577,"type":572},"End-of-life batteries are not expected to become a major source of material until the 2030s as electric vehicles sold now won’t be scrapped for another ten years or so, according to Benchmark.",{"type":567,"attrs":579,"content":580},{"textAlign":49},[581],{"text":582,"type":572},"“Process scrap is huge both as a waste management opportunity and as a cost opportunity,” Sarah Colbourn, an analyst at Benchmark, said.",{"type":567,"attrs":584,"content":585},{"textAlign":49},[586],{"text":587,"type":572},"Recycling of raw materials will be vital to meet the growing demand for batteries as sales of electric vehicles accelerate this decade. Demand for lithium ion batteries is set to grow six-fold by 2032, according to Benchmark.",{"type":567,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":49},[591],{"text":592,"type":572},"However, in the near-term recyclers are likely to use scrap material from the ever increasing number of gigafactories coming online rather than used electric vehicle batteries. Benchmark forecasts this scrap will account for 78% of the pool of recyclable materials in 2025.",{"type":567,"attrs":594,"content":595},{"textAlign":49},[],{"type":597,"attrs":598,"content":600},"heading",{"level":599,"textAlign":49},4,[601],{"text":602,"type":572},"One factory’s trash is another factory’s treasure",{"type":567,"attrs":604,"content":605},{"textAlign":49},[606],{"text":607,"type":572},"In the first few years of operation, a battery gigafactory will be focused on ramping up and qualifying its production processes.",{"type":567,"attrs":609,"content":610},{"textAlign":49},[611],{"text":612,"type":572},"Loss rates vary by region, technology and stage of ramp up of a factory. The losses tend to be higher as a battery factory ramps up to full production, Colbourn said.",{"type":567,"attrs":614,"content":615},{"textAlign":49},[616],{"text":617,"type":572},"Whilst most losses occur in the preliminary stages of cell production, losses do also occur at final stages in the form of fully-completed cells.",{"type":567,"attrs":619,"content":620},{"textAlign":49},[621],{"text":622,"type":572},"Waste that occurs at the electrode manufacture stage can often be directly recycled by the cell producer and fed back into the production process.",{"type":567,"attrs":624,"content":625},{"textAlign":49},[626],{"text":627,"type":572},"Losses in the form of partially- or fully-completed cells which failed to meet the quality control standards are unable to be directly circulated back into the production process and must be collected for recycling.",{"type":567,"attrs":629,"content":630},{"textAlign":49},[631],{"text":632,"type":572},"This year Benchmark expects over 30 gigawatt hours of process scrap to be available for recycling, growing ten-fold across the next decade.",{"type":567,"attrs":634,"content":635},{"textAlign":49},[636],{"text":637,"type":572},"“In the long term, the loss rates will steady out but there will always be losses,” Colbourn said.",{"type":567,"attrs":639,"content":640},{"textAlign":49},[641],{"text":642,"type":572},"Although the rate of increase of the process scrap pool will slow down beyond 2030 there will still be a significant volume of scrap, she said.",{"type":597,"attrs":644,"content":645},{"level":599,"textAlign":49},[646],{"text":647,"type":572},"End of life batteries arrive ",{"type":567,"attrs":649,"content":650},{"textAlign":49},[651],{"text":652,"type":572},"The available waste pool will see a shift around the mid-2030s when end-of-life batteries will overtake process scrap as the primary source of recyclable material, according to Benchmark.",{"type":567,"attrs":654,"content":655},{"textAlign":49},[656],{"text":657,"type":572},"Collecting process scrap is far simpler than collecting end-of-life batteries, however.",{"type":567,"attrs":659,"content":660},{"textAlign":49},[661],{"text":662,"type":572},"Rather than being concentrated in predictable gigafactories, these batteries will be geographically dispersed and require an extensive collection infrastructure.",{"type":567,"attrs":664,"content":665},{"textAlign":49},[666],{"text":667,"type":572},"The collected scrap is disassembled, discharged, and shredded to produce black mass, a valuable resource that can be processed via a variety of methods to extract the constituent lithium, cobalt, nickel, and other metals.",{"type":597,"attrs":669,"content":670},{"level":599,"textAlign":49},[671],{"text":672,"type":572},"China dominates recycling capacity",{"type":567,"attrs":674,"content":675},{"textAlign":49},[676],{"text":677,"type":572},"China currently dominates the recycling scene. The top eight recyclers operating this year are all based in the country. As China hosts the majority of battery cell producers, they also generate the largest quantity of process scrap.",{"type":567,"attrs":679,"content":680},{"textAlign":49},[681],{"text":682,"type":572},"Benchmark forecasts over three-quarters of process scrap to come from China this year, though this proportion is expected to consistently drop over the coming decade as other regions’ gigafactories come online.",{"type":567,"attrs":684,"content":685},{"textAlign":49},[686],{"text":687,"type":572},"However, for end-of-life scrap, Benchmark forecasts this will be more evenly distributed between regions across the mid-to-late 2030s.",{"type":567,"attrs":689,"content":690},{"textAlign":49},[691],{"text":692,"type":572},"Although China has the most process scrap, other regions can still maximise on the opportunity presented by recycling.",{"type":567,"attrs":694,"content":695},{"textAlign":49},[696],{"text":697,"type":572},"“In the US and Europe, there’s increasing discussion about the critical role recycling plays in enabling a more circular economy,” Colbourn said, “From a geopolitical standpoint there is an opportunity for North America and Europe to establish their own value chains with recycling, reducing reliance on China and other regions.”",{"type":567,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701],{"text":702,"type":572},"The recently passed US Inflation Reduction Act calls for more domestically sourced components and materials in EV batteries in an effort to regain some of the value China controls in the EV supply chain. Batteries using materials recycled in North America are eglible under the bill.",{"type":567,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706,708,716],{"text":707,"type":572},"The EU is ",{"text":709,"type":572,"marks":710},"considering legislation that more specifically focuses on recycling",[711],{"type":712,"attrs":713},"link",{"href":714,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":715},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-does-europe-need-to-meet-eu-battery-recycling-targets","url",{"text":717,"type":572},". It requires batteries sold in and to the EU to contain a minimum percentage of recycled critical minerals by 2030. It also sets out targets for how efficient recycling processes should be within the bloc.",{"type":597,"attrs":719,"content":720},{"level":599,"textAlign":49},[721],{"text":722,"type":572},"Competition for scrap",{"type":567,"attrs":724,"content":725},{"textAlign":49},[726],{"text":727,"type":572},"There will be intense competition for the currently constrained supply of recyclable materials. A recycling facility with a large capacity will only be useful if it has secured supply either of processing scrap or black mass.",{"type":567,"attrs":729,"content":730},{"textAlign":49},[731],{"text":732,"type":572},"“Outside of China partnerships are forming,” Colbourn explained. “For instance, in the UK Glencore and Britishvolt are building an ecosystem for manufacturing scrap.”",{"type":567,"attrs":734,"content":735},{"textAlign":49},[736],{"text":737,"type":572},"“We can expect more partnerships,” Colbourn said. “But there is going to be a struggle to get deals to get process scrap.”",{"type":567,"attrs":739,"content":740},{"textAlign":49},[741],{"text":742,"type":572},"Even with the most efficient collection of end-of-life scrap and good utilisation of process scrap, the quantity of critical materials that can be obtained through recycling is not enough to meet demand for these materials in the short- to mid-term.",{"type":567,"attrs":744,"content":745},{"textAlign":49},[746],{"text":747,"type":572},"“Recycling is not going to negate the need for virgin materials,” Colbourn explained. “But recycling materials can help towards plugging the supply deficit gap.”",{"type":597,"attrs":749,"content":750},{"level":599,"textAlign":49},[751,753,759],{"text":752,"type":572},"To learn more about Benchmark’s Recycling Forecast please fill in the ",{"text":754,"type":572,"marks":755},"contact form",[756],{"type":712,"attrs":757},{"href":758,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":715},"/contact",{"text":760,"type":572}," and we’ll be in touch.","Scrap from gigafactories will be the primary source of recyclable battery material for the next decade, according to Benchmark’s Recycling Report. End-of-life batteries are not expected to become a major source of material until the 2030s as electric vehicles sold now won’t be scrapped for another ten years or so, according to Benchmark. “Process scrap […]",[763],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":764},{"job_title":558,"image":765,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},{"filename":560},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"eb38011b-38e3-4a84-941b-a498ae829fa0\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[769,772,775,778],{"slug":770,"name":771},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":773,"name":774},"gigafactories","Battery & Gigafactory",{"slug":776,"name":777},"recycling","Recycling",{"slug":779,"name":780},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":783,"name":783,"focus":783,"title":783,"source":783,"filename":784,"copyright":783,"fieldtype":785,"meta_data":786,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/bc6bfb8df0/bm-vw-battery-recycling.jpg","asset",{"alt":783,"title":783,"source":783,"copyright":783},"Sep 05, 2022","5th September 2022",[],[],1780670081615]