[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":747},["ShallowReactive",2],{"story-article/benchmark-at-the-international-seabed-authority-meeting-as-global-commercial-framework-remained-unresolved":3,"ticker-data":215},{"id":4,"uuid":5,"name":6,"slug":7,"full_slug":8,"content":9,"relatedArticles":213,"relatedVideos":214},208897963165924,"a4d75c5f-374b-42df-b1e5-cd4bb177abc4","Benchmark at International Seabed Authority meeting as global commercial framework remains unresolved","benchmark-at-the-international-seabed-authority-meeting-as-global-commercial-framework-remained-unresolved","article/benchmark-at-the-international-seabed-authority-meeting-as-global-commercial-framework-remained-unresolved",{"_uid":10,"date":11,"tags":12,"editor":22,"content":32,"excerpt":174,"featured":175,"reporter":176,"component":187,"seo_title":188,"categories":189,"visibility":202,"data_vis_image":203,"featured_image":206,"seo_description":210,"side_panel_banner":103,"formattedDate":211,"formattedArticleDate":212},"3951a0da-6b01-4805-98ad-ba9867cb60f2","2026-08-14 00:00",[13,16,19],{"slug":14,"name":15},"deep-sea","Deep Sea",{"slug":17,"name":18},"the-metals-company","The Metals Company",{"slug":20,"name":21},"international-seabed-authority","International Seabed Authority",[23],{"slug":24,"name":25,"content":26},"benjamin-roche","Benjamin Roche",{"job_title":27,"image":28,"bio":30,"linkedin":31},"Editor – Energy Transition Supply Chains",{"filename":29},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/800x800/66d6674fb8/benjamin-roche.png","Benjamin is Benchmark's Editor for Energy Transition Supply Chains, covering both upstream products like critical minerals and downstream products including energy storage systems and electric vehicles. He has previous experience covering trade flows, tariffs and the effects of geopolitics on supply chains.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminrochecontent/",{"type":33,"attrs":34,"content":36},"doc",{"backgroundColor":35},null,[37,56,70,80,94,104,113,134,145,150,157,169],{"type":38,"attrs":39,"content":40},"paragraph",{"textAlign":35},[41,44,54],{"text":42,"type":43},"Bryan Bille, Benchmark's lead policy and geopolitical analyst, attended Part II of the International Seabed Authority's (ISA) 31st session in Kingston, Jamaica, from 23–29 July. On 24 July, the ISA Council concluded two weeks of negotiations without adopting the International Mining Code, the framework required for ","text",{"text":45,"type":43,"marks":46},"commercial extraction from the seabed",[47],{"type":48,"attrs":49},"link",{"href":50,"uuid":51,"anchor":35,"target":52,"linktype":53},"/videos/deep-sea-mining-in-2026-from-exploration-to-decision-point","e6d676b8-cd84-400b-93ff-b380a2c235a8","_blank","story",{"text":55,"type":43}," in international waters. ",{"type":38,"attrs":57,"content":58},{"textAlign":35},[59,61,68],{"text":60,"type":43},"Key issues, including environmental safeguards, liability, inspection, and benefit-sharing, ",{"text":62,"type":43,"marks":63},"remain unresolved",[64],{"type":48,"attrs":65},{"href":66,"uuid":67,"anchor":35,"target":52,"linktype":53},"/videos/what-are-the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-deep-sea-extraction","451ec87d-ca6b-4dcf-92cf-beb3c70ed395",{"text":69,"type":43},". Experts expect negotiations to continue for at least another three to four years before an overall agreement can be reached.",{"type":71,"attrs":72,"content":74},"heading",{"level":73,"textAlign":35},2,[75],{"text":76,"type":43,"marks":77},"US sidelining the ISA",[78],{"type":79},"bold",{"type":38,"attrs":81,"content":82},{"textAlign":35},[83,85,92],{"text":84,"type":43},"The ISA is under growing pressure as the US pursues its own regulatory process under its 1980 Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (DSHMRA). On 30 April 2026, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) determined that ",{"text":86,"type":43,"marks":87},"The Metals Company (TMC)",[88],{"type":48,"attrs":89},{"href":90,"uuid":91,"anchor":35,"target":52,"linktype":53},"/videos/us-deep-sea-mining-policy-interview-with-the-metals-company-s-craig-shesky","af009142-2997-4f41-9aeb-92ee49825ce9",{"text":93,"type":43},", the global industry frontrunner, had submitted a consolidated application in full compliance with the Act. The application combines an exploration licence and a commercial recovery permit in the same international waters for which the ISA has legal authority. A final permit decision is reportedly targeted for Q1 2027. Considering this, the ISA runs the risk of fragmentation and lost relevance, with the US process potentially bypassing the international regime.",{"type":38,"attrs":95,"content":96},{"textAlign":35},[97],{"text":98,"type":43,"marks":99},"Going beyond the often-addressed environmental and legal challenges of deep-sea mining, Benchmark examined geo-economic and market issues across a range of meetings and side events at the conference. These included how demand could absorb new supply from the process.",[100],{"type":101,"attrs":102},"textStyle",{"color":103},"",{"type":71,"attrs":105,"content":106},{"level":73,"textAlign":35},[107],{"text":108,"type":43,"marks":109},"Copper and nickel deficit closure potential",[110,112],{"type":101,"attrs":111},{"color":103},{"type":79},{"type":38,"attrs":114,"content":115},{"textAlign":35},[116,118,125,127,132],{"text":117,"type":43},"As outlined in ",{"text":119,"type":43,"marks":120},"Benchmark’s April 2026 Special Issue",[121],{"type":48,"attrs":122},{"href":123,"uuid":35,"anchor":35,"target":35,"linktype":124},"https://intelligence.benchmarkminerals.com/publications/special-issues/the-emergence-of-deep-sea-mining-a-viable-critical-mineral-source","url",{"text":126,"type":43},", deep-sea mining’s resource potential is substantial. Polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, particularly, contain significant volumes of nickel, copper, cobalt, and manganese. Benchmark forecasts indicate terrestrial supply and recycling alone will not close emerging deficits, especially for nickel and copper, given their non-battery applications.",{"text":128,"type":43,"marks":129},"  ",[130],{"type":101,"attrs":131},{"color":103},{"text":133,"type":43},"Nodule supply could therefore be absorbed by a structural nickel deficit emerging in the early 2030s. Copper deficits are expected to widen from the mid-2030s.",{"type":135,"attrs":136},"blok",{"id":137,"body":138},"f42e85b2-5a45-4d8d-9702-4e6b356ff596",[139],{"id":140,"_uid":141,"type":142,"component":143,"fixed_height":103,"use_fixed_height":144,"fixed_height_mobile":103,"fixed_height_tablet":103},"29965650","i-bb3f12c3-c639-4854-986a-7c8b3af59667","visualisation","ContentFlourish",false,{"type":38,"attrs":146,"content":147},{"textAlign":35},[148],{"text":149,"type":43},"At the same time, deep-sea mining's future commercial viability will depend on meeting several conditions, including a robust legal regime, a competitive and scalable onshore processing ecosystem and sale of additional manganese supply without major market disruption.",{"type":71,"attrs":151,"content":152},{"level":73,"textAlign":35},[153],{"text":154,"type":43,"marks":155},"Manganese oversupply a risk",[156],{"type":79},{"type":38,"attrs":158,"content":159},{"textAlign":35},[160,162,167],{"text":161,"type":43},"TMC's proposed processing flowsheet uses a near-conventional pyrometallurgical process adapted to nodules. The material would be dried and partially reduced in a rotary kiln before being smelted in an electric",{"text":163,"type":43,"marks":164}," ",[165],{"type":101,"attrs":166},{"color":103},{"text":168,"type":43},"arc furnace, also known as RKEF, which is currently widely used in Indonesia’s nickel industry. The proposed processing flowsheet would produce a nickel-copper-cobalt alloy and manganese silicate, which can then be refined into market-grade metals.",{"type":38,"attrs":170,"content":171},{"textAlign":35},[172],{"text":173,"type":43},"Nodule-derived manganese could represent up to 30% of potential revenue, but the processed manganese silicate output will need to target the larger, slower-growing steel market, where excess supply could disrupt incumbent producers and depress market prices, creating the industry's largest market absorption risk.","Bryan Bille, Benchmark's lead policy and geopolitical analyst, attended Part II of the International Seabed Authority's (ISA) 31st session in Kingston, Jamaica, from 23–29 July. On 24 July, the ISA Council concluded two weeks of negotiations without adopting the International Mining Code, the framework required for commercial extraction from the seabed in international waters. \n\nKey issues, including environmental safeguards, liability, inspection, and benefit-sharing, remain unresolved. Experts expect negotiations to continue for at least another three to four years before an overall agreement can be reached.",true,[177],{"slug":178,"name":179,"content":180},"bryan-bille","Bryan Bille",{"job_title":181,"image":182,"bio":184,"linkedin":185,"markets_covered":186},"Lead Analyst - Government Policy",{"filename":183},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/1491bc3cc9/bryan-bille.jpeg","Bryan has more than 8 years of policy and geopolitical experience covering numerous areas, such as international trade, industrial policy, critical minerals, battery and EV supply chains and the broader energy transition. Bryan currently oversees Benchmark Mineral Intelligence’s policy and geopolitical coverage and leads Benchmark’s strategic outreach to policymakers. Before joining Benchmark, Bryan obtained a degree in corporate law from the University of Antwerp and an international political economy degree from King’s College London. He also held various positions within the Belgian diplomatic corps and politics, where he was involved in multiple policy issues and international negotiations at the EU level. 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