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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":848,"relatedVideos":849},107060871050015,"e305545b-23a0-4fc7-b203-77c05f3e2852","Benchmark’s lithium carbon curves reveals >10x emissions gap across top 50 operations","benchmarks-lithium-carbon-curves-reveals-10x-emissions-gap-across-top-50-operations","article/benchmarks-lithium-carbon-curves-reveals-10x-emissions-gap-across-top-50-operations",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":556,"content":566,"excerpt":821,"featured":51,"reporter":822,"_editable":826,"component":827,"seo_title":828,"categories":829,"visibility":838,"author_company":49,"data_vis_image":839,"featured_image":842,"seo_description":845,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":846,"formattedArticleDate":847},"f9292c3a-6840-4803-965f-6e6e1fc5d1a1","2025-08-07 00:00",[550,553],{"slug":551,"name":552},"benchmark-mineral-intelligence","Benchmark Mineral Intelligence",{"slug":554,"name":555},"carbon-curve","Carbon curve",[557],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":560},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":561,"image":562,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":563},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":567,"content":568},"doc",[569,581,620,628,640,647,655,691,712,717,722,727,732,753,758,763,799],{"type":570,"attrs":571,"content":572},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[573],{"text":574,"type":575,"marks":576},"Benchmark's lithium carbon intensity curve has expanded in scope, now covering the top 50 largest lithium chemical-producing assets in 2025, as well as those forecasted to be in production by 2030.","text",[577],{"type":578,"attrs":579},"textStyle",{"color":580},"#3C3C39",{"type":570,"attrs":582,"content":583},{"textAlign":49},[584,589,602,607,615],{"text":585,"type":575,"marks":586},"Greenhouse gas emissions generated from raw material extraction to the lithium chemical stage, known as ",[587],{"type":578,"attrs":588},{"color":580},{"text":590,"type":575,"marks":591},"cradle-to-gate emissions",[592,597,600],{"type":593,"attrs":594},"link",{"href":595,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-new-lithium-carbon-footprint-guidance-means-for-the-battery-industry","url",{"type":578,"attrs":598},{"color":599},"#0969D7",{"type":601},"underline",{"text":603,"type":575,"marks":604},", are assessed by Benchmark using the IPCC's 2021 Global Warming Potential (100-year) method. Emissions are categorised into Scope 1 (direct), Scope 2 (energy-related), and ",[605],{"type":578,"attrs":606},{"color":580},{"text":608,"type":575,"marks":609},"upstream Scope 3 (indirect) emissions",[610,612,614],{"type":593,"attrs":611},{"href":595,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},{"type":578,"attrs":613},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":616,"type":575,"marks":617},".",[618],{"type":578,"attrs":619},{"color":580},{"type":570,"attrs":621,"content":622},{"textAlign":49},[623],{"text":624,"type":575,"marks":625},"The results show that the top 50 operations, accounting for 68% of global lithium chemical production in 2025, are estimated to emit an average of 15.6 kg CO₂eq per kg of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) output. However, there is a considerable disparity between the highest and lowest emitters: from just ~4 kg CO₂eq/kg LCE to over 40kg CO₂eq/kg LCE.",[626],{"type":578,"attrs":627},{"color":580},{"type":629,"attrs":630},"blok",{"id":631,"body":632},"130f6f1c-b280-4324-942e-a1abea3ff952",[633],{"id":634,"_uid":635,"type":636,"_editable":637,"component":638,"fixed_height":639,"use_fixed_height":50,"fixed_height_mobile":639,"fixed_height_tablet":639},"24554665","i-8fbe988b-262e-4dec-9625-8d34c5a8e3bd","visualisation","\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"ContentFlourish\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"i-8fbe988b-262e-4dec-9625-8d34c5a8e3bd\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","ContentFlourish","",{"type":641,"attrs":642,"content":644},"heading",{"level":643,"textAlign":49},4,[645],{"text":646,"type":575},"What accounts for this difference?",{"type":570,"attrs":648,"content":649},{"textAlign":49},[650],{"text":651,"type":575,"marks":652},"This variation in carbon intensities is driven by several underlying factors, including processing technology, geographical location, ore type, and mineral grade.",[653],{"type":578,"attrs":654},{"color":580},{"type":570,"attrs":656,"content":657},{"textAlign":49},[658,663,672,677,686],{"text":659,"type":575,"marks":660},"Notably, ",[661],{"type":578,"attrs":662},{"color":580},{"text":664,"type":575,"marks":665},"brine-based lithium operations",[666,669,671],{"type":593,"attrs":667},{"href":668,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/hard-rock-vs-brine-how-do-their-carbon-curves-compare",{"type":578,"attrs":670},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":673,"type":575,"marks":674}," sit at both ends of the curve, demonstrating that differences in brine chemistry (particularly lithium content and impurity levels) and processing methods—between conventional and ",[675],{"type":578,"attrs":676},{"color":580},{"text":678,"type":575,"marks":679},"direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies",[680,683,685],{"type":593,"attrs":681},{"href":682,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/rise-of-dle-will-open-up-new-sources-of-lithium-supply-this-decade",{"type":578,"attrs":684},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":687,"type":575,"marks":688},"—can significantly influence emissions.",[689],{"type":578,"attrs":690},{"color":580},{"type":570,"attrs":692,"content":693},{"textAlign":49},[694,699,707],{"text":695,"type":575,"marks":696},"Amongst ",[697],{"type":578,"attrs":698},{"color":580},{"text":700,"type":575,"marks":701},"hard rock sources",[702,704,706],{"type":593,"attrs":703},{"href":668,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},{"type":578,"attrs":705},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":708,"type":575,"marks":709},", the carbon intensity curve demonstrates that lithium extracted from Chinese mica ores is markedly more carbon intensive than from spodumene.",[710],{"type":578,"attrs":711},{"color":580},{"type":570,"attrs":713,"content":714},{"textAlign":49},[715],{"text":716,"type":575},"Despite using mixed-salt roasting techniques to lower the roasting temperature and energy use, mining and concentrating lepidolite ore still accounts for over 50% of the total carbon intensity of Chinese mica-based lithium products. This is primarily due to lower lithium grades and high reliance on fossil fuels for energy generation.",{"type":641,"attrs":718,"content":719},{"level":643,"textAlign":49},[720],{"text":721,"type":575},"The impact of energy strategies on operations ",{"type":570,"attrs":723,"content":724},{"textAlign":49},[725],{"text":726,"type":575},"Looking ahead to 2030, Benchmark’s carbon reduction targets scenario reflects operators’ plans and strategies to decarbonise future production. ",{"type":570,"attrs":728,"content":729},{"textAlign":49},[730],{"text":731,"type":575},"The curve demonstrates that, despite the increased integration of renewable energy sources and other carbon reduction initiatives, the average carbon intensity across the assessed operations is projected to decrease only modestly (~3%) compared to the 2025 scenario.  ",{"type":570,"attrs":733,"content":734},{"textAlign":49},[735,740,748],{"text":736,"type":575,"marks":737},"A key challenge for producers are Scope 3 emissions, particularly those related to reagents used in lithium processing. For example, ",[738],{"type":578,"attrs":739},{"color":580},{"text":741,"type":575,"marks":742},"soda ash used by brine-based operations and sulphuric acid used in hard rock processing",[743,745,747],{"type":593,"attrs":744},{"href":668,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},{"type":578,"attrs":746},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":749,"type":575,"marks":750}," are significant contributors to Scope 3 emissions, while also raising other environmental challenges such as terrestrial ecotoxicity.",[751],{"type":578,"attrs":752},{"color":580},{"type":641,"attrs":754,"content":755},{"level":643,"textAlign":49},[756],{"text":757,"type":575},"Why this matters",{"type":570,"attrs":759,"content":760},{"textAlign":49},[761],{"text":762,"type":575},"Benchmark’s expanded coverage of lithium-producing assets comes at a pivotal time, as understanding product-level carbon footprints becomes increasingly essential for regulatory compliance and responsible sourcing. ",{"type":570,"attrs":764,"content":765},{"textAlign":49},[766,771,780,785,794],{"text":767,"type":575,"marks":768},"This is especially relevant within critical mineral supply chains, given the implementation of the ",[769],{"type":578,"attrs":770},{"color":580},{"text":772,"type":575,"marks":773},"EU Batteries Regulation",[774,777,779],{"type":593,"attrs":775},{"href":776,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/how-the-lithium-ion-supply-chain-should-prepare-for-the-eu-battery-regulation",{"type":578,"attrs":778},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":781,"type":575,"marks":782}," and potential future expansion of initiatives such as the ",[783],{"type":578,"attrs":784},{"color":580},{"text":786,"type":575,"marks":787},"EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)",[788,791,793],{"type":593,"attrs":789},{"href":790,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/the-role-of-life-cycle-assessments-in-the-eu-policy-landscape",{"type":578,"attrs":792},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":795,"type":575,"marks":796}," to include materials such as lithium.",[797],{"type":578,"attrs":798},{"color":580},{"type":570,"attrs":800,"content":801},{"textAlign":49},[802,807,816],{"text":803,"type":575,"marks":804},"The ",[805],{"type":578,"attrs":806},{"color":580},{"text":808,"type":575,"marks":809},"Lithium Sustainability Report",[810,813,815],{"type":593,"attrs":811},{"href":812,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":596},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/lithium",{"type":578,"attrs":814},{"color":599},{"type":601},{"text":817,"type":575,"marks":818}," assesses and benchmarks the ESG performance and approach of lithium producers worldwide to enable responsible raw material sourcing.",[819],{"type":578,"attrs":820},{"color":580},"Benchmark’s lithium carbon intensity curve has expanded in scope, now covering the top 50 largest lithium chemical-producing assets in 2025, as well as those forecasted to be in production by 2030. Greenhouse gas emissions generated from raw material extraction to the lithium chemical stage, known as cradle-to-gate emissions, are assessed by Benchmark using the IPCC’s […]",[823],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":824},{"job_title":561,"image":825,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},{"filename":563},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"f9292c3a-6840-4803-965f-6e6e1fc5d1a1\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article","Benchmark’s lithium carbon curves reveals >10x emissions gap",[830,833,835],{"slug":831,"name":832},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":834,"name":8},"lithium",{"slug":836,"name":837},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":49,"name":639,"focus":49,"title":49,"source":49,"filename":639,"copyright":49,"fieldtype":840,"meta_data":841},"asset",{},{"id":49,"alt":639,"name":639,"focus":639,"title":639,"source":639,"filename":843,"copyright":639,"fieldtype":840,"meta_data":844,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/d0a32e42e2/bm-lithium-mine.jpg",{"alt":639,"title":639,"source":639,"copyright":639},"Benchmark’s lithium carbon intensity curve has expanded in scope, now covering the top 50 largest lithium chemical-producing assets in 2025, as well as those forecasted to be in production by 2030. Greenhouse gas emissions generated  […]","Aug 07, 2025","7th August 2025",[],[],1781882598896]