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High-Nickel",144.45,149.67,-3.49,26.69,49.06,[498,499,500,502,504,506,508,510,512,514,516,518],{"date":198,"value":492},{"date":200,"value":493},{"date":203,"value":501},157.37,{"date":206,"value":503},160,{"date":209,"value":505},149.53,{"date":212,"value":507},141.97,{"date":215,"value":509},136.99,{"date":218,"value":511},129.81,{"date":221,"value":513},114.02,{"date":224,"value":515},109.17,{"date":227,"value":517},109.02,{"date":255,"value":519},99.44,{"publishedDate":198,"updateFrequency":187,"updateFrequencyText":188,"label":521,"today":522,"last":523,"percentageChange":524,"yearToDate":525,"yearOnYear":526,"oneYearIndexTrend":527,"url":377,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"LFP",229.17,218.34,4.96,49.35,83.44,[528,529,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548],{"date":198,"value":522},{"date":200,"value":523},{"date":203,"value":531},239.1,{"date":206,"value":533},258.32,{"date":209,"value":535},239.37,{"date":212,"value":537},213.01,{"date":215,"value":539},204.49,{"date":218,"value":541},218.06,{"date":221,"value":543},153.45,{"date":224,"value":545},134.02,{"date":227,"value":547},118.22,{"date":255,"value":549},111.93,{"id":551,"uuid":552,"name":553,"slug":554,"full_slug":555,"content":556,"relatedArticles":755,"relatedVideos":756},112474248725028,"c74216f0-767d-495e-be96-90ed8fec84e6","CATL NEARING TIER ONE","catl-nearing-tier-one","article/catl-nearing-tier-one",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":563,"content":573,"excerpt":733,"featured":50,"reporter":734,"_editable":738,"component":739,"seo_title":553,"categories":740,"visibility":747,"author_company":49,"featured_image":748,"seo_description":733,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":753,"formattedArticleDate":754},"58602196-2674-443b-9366-4aab2e5f37f9","2019-10-25 00:00",[560],{"slug":561,"name":562},"catl","CATL",[564],{"slug":565,"name":566,"content":567},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":568,"image":569,"bio":571,"linkedin":572},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":570},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":574,"content":575},"doc",[576,583,588,593,598,605,610,615,620,625,630,635,640,645,650,655,662,667,672,677,682,687,698,703,710,718,723,728],{"type":577,"attrs":578,"content":579},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[580],{"text":581,"type":582},"CATL took a stake in Pilbara Minerals in September as the Chinese battery maker makes inroads across the supply chain. Here we look at CATL’s rise to being on the cusp of attaining tier-one battery manufacturer status","text",{"type":577,"attrs":584,"content":585},{"textAlign":49},[586],{"text":587,"type":582},"September saw a flurry of activity from battery cell manufacturer Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL) as it secured an 8.5% stake in Pilbara Minerals, agreed to develop batteries in collaboration with Bosch, reached an agreement to supply Daimler’s trucks and buses and launched a new recycling joint venture (JV) with its subsidiary Brunp. In Q3 2019 alone, CATL announced deals seven deals covering the full supply chain – with OEMs, cathode producers and raw material suppliers.",{"type":577,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":49},[591],{"text":592,"type":582},"Since being founded in 2011 the company has grown to be one of the biggest names in the lithium ion cell space. Outside of China it has offices, manufacturing facilities and R&D centres in the USA, Canada, France, Germany and Japan.",{"type":577,"attrs":594,"content":595},{"textAlign":49},[596],{"text":597,"type":582},"It has also been one of the most active battery manufacturers in the supply chain in terms of supply agreements and joint ventures during that time period, and particularly over the past two years.",{"type":599,"attrs":600,"content":602},"heading",{"level":601,"textAlign":49},4,[603],{"text":604,"type":582},"RAW MATERIALS",{"type":577,"attrs":606,"content":607},{"textAlign":49},[608],{"text":609,"type":582},"Looking at recent activity, amongst the biggest news in relation to CATL and the lithium ion supply chain was arguably its purchase of a stake in Australian spodumene miner Pilbara Minerals in Q3 2019. The equity raising saw CATL pay AUS $55 million to Pilbara Minerals, to be paid in two tranches, for an 8.5% stake in the Australian lithium miner.",{"type":577,"attrs":611,"content":612},{"textAlign":49},[613],{"text":614,"type":582},"Pilbara’s Managing Director, Ken Brinsden, said of the deal: “while there has been commentary talking down the current state of lithium markets, it has belied the significant interest we have continued to see from the strategic players in the lithium ion supply chain and their focus on lithium raw material supply.”",{"type":577,"attrs":616,"content":617},{"textAlign":49},[618],{"text":619,"type":582},"Pilbara will use the capital raised from the CATL deal to strengthen its balance sheets and working capital, while supporting the ramp-up of the company’s Pilgangoora Project to its stage one nameplate capacity production of 330,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) of spodumene concentrate.",{"type":577,"attrs":621,"content":622},{"textAlign":49},[623],{"text":624,"type":582},"Pilbara also made downstream processing progress during the quarter Pilbara as it agreed to a 21% stake in a POSCO JV, which plans to build and operate a 40ktpa primary lithium hydroxide processing chemical processing facility in South Korea.",{"type":577,"attrs":626,"content":627},{"textAlign":49},[628],{"text":629,"type":582},"Aware of the relatively weak lithium market and particularly the pressures facing spodumene producers, CATL took the opportunity to invest in Pilbara. As lithium market sentiment moves from fears of oversupply to fears of structural undersupply – which could be expected in the next couple of years – we will see how well this deal plays out.",{"type":577,"attrs":631,"content":632},{"textAlign":49},[633],{"text":634,"type":582},"This isn’t CATL’s first move in lithium, for instance it took a controlling stake in Canadian lithium producer North American Lithium back in March 2018. However, operations were suspended in February 2019 as the producer came under pressure from falling spodumene prices and in September 2019 there were reports of other companies bidding for North American Lithium’s assets.",{"type":577,"attrs":636,"content":637},{"textAlign":49},[638],{"text":639,"type":582},"Closer to home CATL also recently took a 15% position in a JV with Canmax. The proposed JV will establish a lithium processing plant which is expected to produce 20,000 tpa of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) in phase one, ramping up to 40,000 tpa in phase two.",{"type":577,"attrs":641,"content":642},{"textAlign":49},[643],{"text":644,"type":582},"Cobalt is on all battery-makers radars, and in 2017 it was reported that CATL had struck a deal to source cobalt 20,000 tonnes of cobalt from Glencore, with Volkswagen ultimately agreeing to purchase batteries produced by CATL to support the deal.",{"type":577,"attrs":646,"content":647},{"textAlign":49},[648],{"text":649,"type":582},"CATL, like other battery manufacturers, has announced it is moving towards higher-nickel cathodes at the expense of cobalt. Earlier this year, the company’s chairman announced that the company was mass producing NCM 811 (eight parts nickel, one part cobalt, one part manganese). However, 811 production remains in its early stages and securing cobalt supply will still be an important goal on CATL’s radar today and looking forward into the early 2020s.",{"type":577,"attrs":651,"content":652},{"textAlign":49},[653],{"text":654,"type":582},"In April 2018 CATL took a 25% share in Canada-based North American Nickel. The company is at an early stage of development, which also reflects the timing of moves to higher nickel cathodes such as NCM 811.",{"type":577,"attrs":656,"content":657},{"textAlign":49},[658,660],{"text":659,"type":582},"CATL has also made strides elsewhere in the nickel market. Last year a JV was announced that saw CATL take a 25% stake in a bold battery-grade nickel project in Morowali, Indonesia. The JV sees CATL collaborating with Chinese stainless-steel manufacturer Tsingshan and battery materials",{"text":661,"type":582},"producer GEM to establish a nickel processing plant using high pressure acid leaching (HPAL).",{"type":577,"attrs":663,"content":664},{"textAlign":49},[665],{"text":666,"type":582},"However, the route to battery grade nickel sulphate from laterite ores using HPAL is energy intensive and uses chemical heavy processing. The timelines and costs proposed for the Morowali plant have received a sceptical response from the nickel industry and there have been reports of cost overruns.",{"type":577,"attrs":668,"content":669},{"textAlign":49},[670],{"text":671,"type":582},"In a move to expand its source of raw materials, September 2019 also saw CATL establish a new recycling JV with its subsidiary Brunp. The JV – Ningbo Brunp CATL New Energy – based in Ningbo, Zhejiang. This forward-looking move will provide CATL with another potential source of raw materials for production, which will become particularly relevant when we see end-of life taking more of a prominent role in the supply chain.",{"type":599,"attrs":673,"content":674},{"level":601,"textAlign":49},[675],{"text":676,"type":582},"OEMS",{"type":577,"attrs":678,"content":679},{"textAlign":49},[680],{"text":681,"type":582},"While CATL has been executing its raw material strategy it has been forming closer ties with its ultimate customers: OEMS.",{"type":577,"attrs":683,"content":684},{"textAlign":49},[685],{"text":686,"type":582},"In the past two years CATL has agreed supply deals with some of the auto industry’s key players including Daimler, Toyota, Honda, BMW, Volkswagen and Nissan-Renault. In addition, CATL has numbers joint ventures with Chinese automakers for cell production including SAIC, GAC, FAW and Dongfeng Motors.",{"type":577,"attrs":688,"content":689},{"textAlign":49},[690,692,694,696],{"text":691,"type":582},"However, despite these deals CATL remains a tier 2 battery producer on the ",{"text":693,"type":582},"Benchmark Minerals’ ",{"text":695,"type":582},"Lithium Ion Battery Megafactory",{"text":697,"type":582},"Assessment. Whilst the company possesses the significant scale needed to secure large automotive cell contracts the company has struggled to match the quality of its fierce Korean and Japanese rivals.",{"type":577,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701],{"text":702,"type":582},"For CATL to reach tier 1 status the company needs to finalise qualification to supply multi-national electric vehicle producers outside of China.",{"type":577,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706,708],{"text":707,"type":582},"Benchmark Minerals ",{"text":709,"type":582},"believe this critical qualification step is just around the corner for CATL, and once received it will see the company reach the upper echelon of cell suppliers globally.",{"type":577,"attrs":711,"content":712},{"textAlign":49},[713,715,716],{"text":714,"type":582},"CATL already has nine battery megafactories in the pipeline in ",{"text":693,"type":582},{"text":717,"type":582},"Lithium Ion Megafactory Assessment, three producing facilities in 2018 with the remainder expected to be in production by 2023. Looking forward to 2028, CATL has over 300 GWh of production capacity forecasted, which accounts for just over 15% of the pipeline globally.",{"type":577,"attrs":719,"content":720},{"textAlign":49},[721],{"text":722,"type":582},"Despite this activity, expansions have largely been domestically focussed with eight of nine of the megafactories located in China.",{"type":577,"attrs":724,"content":725},{"textAlign":49},[726],{"text":727,"type":582},"However, with its growing base of Western OEM clients, the company may soon add further capacity outside of China, with the company reportedly eyeing North America for the next expansion.",{"type":577,"attrs":729,"content":730},{"textAlign":49},[731],{"text":732,"type":582},"CATL is homing in on tier 1 battery production and Western OEMs qualify and use its batteries in global markets, we will soon see it mixing with incumbents in the battery industry’s top-tier.","CATL took a stake in Pilbara Minerals in September as the Chinese battery maker makes inroads across the supply chain. Here we look at CATL’s rise to being on the cusp of attaining tier-one battery manufacturer status September saw a flurry of activity from battery cell manufacturer Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL) as it […]",[735],{"slug":565,"name":566,"content":736},{"job_title":568,"image":737,"bio":571,"linkedin":572},{"filename":570},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"58602196-2674-443b-9366-4aab2e5f37f9\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[741,744],{"slug":742,"name":743},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":745,"name":746},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals","private",{"id":49,"alt":749,"name":749,"focus":749,"title":749,"source":749,"filename":750,"copyright":749,"fieldtype":751,"meta_data":752,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/d50d7be4f3/bm-daimler-trucks-and-buses-e1571741349754.jpg","asset",{"alt":749,"title":749,"source":749,"copyright":749},"Oct 25, 2019","25th October 2019",[],[],1792773942393]