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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":757,"relatedVideos":758},112471280347601,"55980459-d246-4d5f-b9c3-0fc8d8d638e9","China set to overtake Chile as world’s second largest lithium producer","china-set-to-overtake-chile-as-worlds-second-largest-lithium-producer","article/china-set-to-overtake-chile-as-worlds-second-largest-lithium-producer",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"live":50,"tags":549,"editor":559,"content":569,"excerpt":727,"featured":51,"reporter":728,"_editable":732,"component":733,"seo_title":734,"categories":735,"visibility":747,"author_company":655,"data_vis_image":748,"featured_image":751,"seo_description":754,"author_full_name":655,"author_job_title":655,"formattedDate":755,"formattedArticleDate":756},"f4662734-7ce4-4a59-b95f-9c692ce4eabc","2023-05-26 00:00",[550,553,556],{"slug":551,"name":552},"australia","Australia",{"slug":554,"name":555},"chile","Chile",{"slug":557,"name":558},"china","China",[560],{"slug":561,"name":562,"content":563},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":564,"image":565,"bio":567,"linkedin":568},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":566},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":570,"content":571},"doc",[572,588,601,606,611,622,627,634,639,644,649,658,663,668,673,678,683,688,693,698,712,717,722],{"type":573,"attrs":574,"content":575},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[576,579,586],{"text":577,"type":578},"China is poised to replace ","text",{"text":555,"type":578,"marks":580},[581],{"type":582,"attrs":583},"link",{"href":584,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":585},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chiles-lithium-growth-challenged-by-political-uncertainty","url",{"text":587,"type":578}," as the world’s second largest lithium miner in the next five years, as companies invest in domestic lithium resources to help reducce the country’s dependence on imported feedstock from Australia.",{"type":573,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":49},[591,593,599],{"text":592,"type":578},"Between now and 2028, China’s share of world lithium supply will remain steady at 17% while Chile’s will decline from 24% to 15%, pushing the latter to third place in global producer rankings, according to ",{"text":594,"type":578,"marks":595},"Benchmark’s Lithium Forecast",[596],{"type":582,"attrs":597},{"href":598,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":585},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/lithium/",{"text":600,"type":578},". ",{"type":573,"attrs":602,"content":603},{"textAlign":49},[604],{"text":605,"type":578},"China is the world’s largest processor of lithium chemicals, but still relies on Australia for the bulk of its imports of lithium feedstock. That exposes the country to foreign spodumene prices, as well as to Australia, which is increasingly cooperating with the US on critical mineral projects. ",{"type":573,"attrs":607,"content":608},{"textAlign":49},[609],{"text":610,"type":578},"On Saturday US President Joe Biden and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed an agreement at the G7 meeting in Hiroshima that aims to expand cooperation in crticial minerals. “We intend to coordinate to spur the diversification and expansion of clean energy supply chains,” it said. ",{"type":573,"attrs":612,"content":613},{"textAlign":49},[614,616,621],{"text":615,"type":578},"Chinese market participants have continued to invest in the development of domestic integrated lithium chemicals capacity. At the same time, growth in Chile is set to slow due to lack of new projects, which have been held up by ",{"text":617,"type":578,"marks":618},"government regulation",[619],{"type":582,"attrs":620},{"href":584,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":585},{"text":600,"type":578},{"type":573,"attrs":623,"content":624},{"textAlign":49},[625],{"text":626,"type":578},"“China has a political will to encourage as many lithium mines as possible while Chile has a dearth of greenfield projects,” commented Benchmark analyst Cameron Perks.",{"type":628,"attrs":629,"content":631},"heading",{"level":630,"textAlign":49},4,[632],{"text":633,"type":578},"China already moving upstream",{"type":573,"attrs":635,"content":636},{"textAlign":49},[637],{"text":638,"type":578},"China is the world’s biggest single lithium processor but its domestic lithium mining sector is still relatively small.",{"type":573,"attrs":640,"content":641},{"textAlign":49},[642],{"text":643,"type":578},"This is changing, however, with 24 lithium mining projects already under development as both the central government and private actors move to reduce reliance on Australian spodumene.",{"type":573,"attrs":645,"content":646},{"textAlign":49},[647],{"text":648,"type":578},"Yichun in Jiangxi province has seen significant investment by major downstream battery supply chain companies in China looking to develop integrated operations in the vicinity of domestic lithium resources.",{"type":573,"attrs":650,"content":651},{"textAlign":49},[652],{"type":653,"attrs":654},"image",{"id":49,"alt":655,"src":656,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":657},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/4c1566a3d1/bm-screenshot-2023-05-25-110453-13003545dcf5.png",{},{"type":573,"attrs":659,"content":660},{"textAlign":49},[661],{"text":662,"type":578},"Currently, around half of China’s mined output comes from brine deposits but the focus going forwards is on developing hard rock projects. Chinese lithium from spodumene and lepidolite ores will increase over 200% between 2023 and 2028.",{"type":628,"attrs":664,"content":665},{"level":630,"textAlign":49},[666],{"text":667,"type":578},"Reducing risky imports",{"type":573,"attrs":669,"content":670},{"textAlign":49},[671],{"text":672,"type":578},"Nonetheless, imported lithium feedstocks will remain crucial. Chinese mined supply in 2028 will only be 30% of Chinese chemical output in lithium carbonate equivalent tonnes.",{"type":573,"attrs":674,"content":675},{"textAlign":49},[676],{"text":677,"type":578},"However, self-sufficiency is not so much a priority for Chinese actors as reducing the exposure of domestic refineries to market risks.",{"type":573,"attrs":679,"content":680},{"textAlign":49},[681],{"text":682,"type":578},"More domestic feedstock would make Chinese refiners less vulnerable to high spodumene prices such as those seen between November 2022 and May 2023, when resilient input costs squeezed margins and threatened suspensions at smaller firms. ",{"type":573,"attrs":684,"content":685},{"textAlign":49},[686],{"text":687,"type":578},"The push for increased domestic mining will also shore up Chinese access to ore as Australia increases its own chemical production, reducing the amount of spodumene available for export.",{"type":628,"attrs":689,"content":690},{"level":630,"textAlign":49},[691],{"text":692,"type":578},"More lepidolite mining brings environmental risks",{"type":573,"attrs":694,"content":695},{"textAlign":49},[696],{"text":697,"type":578},"Increased Chinese supply also has sustainability implications since it will boost the share of lithium from lepidolite, an ore that is more environmentally damaging to exploit than brine or spodumene.",{"type":573,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701,703,710],{"text":702,"type":578},"Lithium carbonate from lepidolite ranks worse than carbonate from brine or spodumene on all four environmental impact areas covered by Benchmark’s ",{"text":704,"type":578,"marks":705},"global life cycle assessment",[706],{"type":582,"attrs":707},{"href":708,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":709,"linktype":585},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/lca","_self",{"text":711,"type":578},": global warming potential, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and human non-carcinogenic toxicity. This owes to the fact that lepidolite has low concentrations of lithium, making it more energy-intensive to exploit. ",{"type":573,"attrs":713,"content":714},{"textAlign":49},[715],{"text":716,"type":578},"Carbonate from lepidolite compares particularly badly to brine, releasing at least 80% more pollutants per kilogram of carbonate in every environmental impact category. The biggest gap between the ores is in global warming potential, with lepidolite extraction releasing 88% more carbon dioxide than brine extraction.  ",{"type":573,"attrs":718,"content":719},{"textAlign":49},[720],{"text":721,"type":578},"One way to improve the sustainability of lepidolite extraction would be to increase the share of renewables in China’s electricity mix as 50% of its carbon emissions come from this source.",{"type":573,"attrs":723,"content":724},{"textAlign":49},[725],{"text":726,"type":578},"Still fossil fuels are used for roasting when it comes to lepidolite and spodumene, which is not something you can electrify easily. ","China is poised to replace Chile as the world’s second largest lithium miner in the next five years, as companies invest in domestic lithium resources to help reducce the country’s dependence on imported feedstock from Australia. Between now and 2028, China’s share of world lithium supply will remain steady at 17% while Chile’s will decline […]",[729],{"slug":561,"name":562,"content":730},{"job_title":564,"image":731,"bio":567,"linkedin":568},{"filename":566},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"f4662734-7ce4-4a59-b95f-9c692ce4eabc\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article","China set to overtake Chile as world’s second largest ",[736,739,742,744],{"slug":737,"name":738},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":740,"name":741},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":743,"name":8},"lithium",{"slug":745,"name":746},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":49,"name":655,"focus":49,"title":49,"source":49,"filename":655,"copyright":49,"fieldtype":749,"meta_data":750},"asset",{},{"id":49,"alt":655,"name":655,"focus":655,"title":655,"source":655,"filename":752,"copyright":655,"fieldtype":749,"meta_data":753,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/ab03882337/bm-large-yellow-machinery-crushing-spodumene-ore-in-a-lithium-mine.jpg",{"alt":655,"title":655,"source":655,"copyright":655},"China is poised to replace Chile as the world’s second largest lithium miner in the next five years, as companies invest in domestic lithium resources to help reduce the country’s dependence on imported feedstock from Australia. ...","May 26, 2023","26th May 2023",[],[],1781280278185]