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deployment","chinas-lfp-dominance-could-constrain-us-energy-storage-deployment","article/chinas-lfp-dominance-could-constrain-us-energy-storage-deployment",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":562,"content":572,"excerpt":775,"featured":51,"reporter":776,"_editable":780,"component":781,"seo_title":543,"categories":782,"visibility":795,"author_company":49,"featured_image":796,"seo_description":775,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":800,"formattedArticleDate":801},"90bb110e-6345-49f0-abbc-a3aad41005d3","2022-10-12 00:00",[550,553,556,559],{"slug":551,"name":552},"china","China",{"slug":554,"name":555},"data-visualisation","Data Visualisation",{"slug":557,"name":558},"north-america","North America",{"slug":560,"name":561},"usa","USA",[563],{"slug":564,"name":565,"content":566},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":567,"image":568,"bio":570,"linkedin":571},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":569},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":573,"content":574},"doc",[575,582,597,602,607,612,619,624,629,638,651,663,676,681,686,691,696,701,708,729,734,739,752,765,770],{"type":576,"attrs":577,"content":578},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[579],{"text":580,"type":581},"Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) has become the cathode chemistry of choice for energy storage applications around the world.","text",{"type":576,"attrs":583,"content":584},{"textAlign":49},[585,587,595],{"text":586,"type":581},"But China’s ",{"text":588,"type":581,"marks":589},"near monopoly",[590],{"type":591,"attrs":592},"link",{"href":593,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-stronghold-grip-on-cathodes-set-to-near-90-by-2030/","url",{"text":596,"type":581}," in its production could hamper efforts to deploy such systems in North America.",{"type":576,"attrs":598,"content":599},{"textAlign":49},[600],{"text":601,"type":581},"Installations of energy storage are set to accelerate in the US, following the passing of the Inflation Reduction Act this summer, which provides tax credits for the deployment of large batteries that help integrate renewable energy into electricity grids. ",{"type":576,"attrs":603,"content":604},{"textAlign":49},[605],{"text":606,"type":581},"North America will see its battery demand for ESS (energy storage system) applications grow over four-fold between 2022 and 2030, according to Benchmark’s Lithium ion Battery Database. However, LFP cell production in the region is set to be just 19% of the ESS demand in 2030.",{"type":576,"attrs":608,"content":609},{"textAlign":49},[610],{"text":611,"type":581},"“North America is focused on the grid, but they are constrained by LFP supply,” Waid said.",{"type":613,"attrs":614,"content":616},"heading",{"level":615,"textAlign":49},4,[617],{"text":618,"type":581},"Tax credits push US storage",{"type":576,"attrs":620,"content":621},{"textAlign":49},[622],{"text":623,"type":581},"Previously, investment tax credits (ITC) in the US were only available for storage systems connected to solar projects, Waid said. The inflation reduction act (IRA) has removed this constraint.",{"type":576,"attrs":625,"content":626},{"textAlign":49},[627],{"text":628,"type":581},"“This will allow for storage to be located in the best possible locations for optimising the grid, rather than in locations where it can also install solar,” Waid said. “These also need less land than paired projects so it opens up opportunities for cheaper developments.”",{"type":576,"attrs":630,"content":631},{"textAlign":49},[632],{"type":633,"attrs":634},"image",{"id":49,"alt":635,"src":636,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":637},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/c7b13c19c2/bm-ess-regional.jpg",{},{"type":576,"attrs":639,"content":640},{"textAlign":49},[641,643,649],{"text":642,"type":581},"In addition the Advanced Manufacturing Production credits in the IRA will give a 10% production credit for domestically produced cathodes. Further credits of up to $45 per kWh for battery production could spur the ",{"text":644,"type":581,"marks":645},"investment needed to build up the local LFP supply required",[646],{"type":591,"attrs":647},{"href":648,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/4-billion-potential-boost-to-us-lfp-capacity-as-ira-improves-economics/",{"text":650,"type":581},".",{"type":576,"attrs":652,"content":653},{"textAlign":49},[654,656,661],{"text":655,"type":581},"This month battery startup Our Next Energy ",{"text":657,"type":581,"marks":658},"said",[659],{"type":591,"attrs":660},{"href":648,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},{"text":662,"type":581}," it would invest $1.6 billion to build a 20 gigawatt-hour LFP battery cell factory in Michigan.",{"type":576,"attrs":664,"content":665},{"textAlign":49},[666,668,674],{"text":667,"type":581},"US ",{"text":669,"type":581,"marks":670},"automakers could also help build up the LFP production base",[671],{"type":591,"attrs":672},{"href":673,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/bmw-to-trial-dual-chemistry-lfp-lmo-battery-from-our-next-energy/",{"text":675,"type":581}," to support ESS deployments. Ford said in July it would start using LFP battery chemistries in some of its vehicles.",{"type":576,"attrs":677,"content":678},{"textAlign":49},[679],{"text":680,"type":581},"“Commitments from automakers towards LFP for entry-level EVs will also further strengthen LFP in the US,” Waid said.",{"type":576,"attrs":682,"content":683},{"textAlign":49},[684],{"text":685,"type":581},"This week General Motors also said it will start offering stationary storage applications to customers under a new business unit, GM Energy. It would work with SunPower to develop  home energy system that includes solar and storage, it said.",{"type":613,"attrs":687,"content":688},{"level":615,"textAlign":49},[689],{"text":690,"type":581},"Chemistry choice",{"type":576,"attrs":692,"content":693},{"textAlign":49},[694],{"text":695,"type":581},"The underlying chemistry of LFP cathodes makes them the preferred choice for grid-scale energy storage applications such as those used for load levelling or coupled to renewable energy installations.",{"type":576,"attrs":697,"content":698},{"textAlign":49},[699],{"text":700,"type":581},"“LFP systems are generally cheaper, safer and have a longer cycle life than other chemistries,” Waid said.",{"type":576,"attrs":702,"content":703},{"textAlign":49},[704],{"type":633,"attrs":705},{"id":49,"alt":635,"src":706,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":707},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/d008c00526/bm-ess-chemistry.jpg",{},{"type":576,"attrs":709,"content":710},{"textAlign":49},[711,713,719,721,727],{"text":712,"type":581},"The ",{"text":714,"type":581,"marks":715},"intrinsically safer nature of LFP",[716],{"type":591,"attrs":717},{"href":718,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/lmfp-cathodes-advance-as-chinese-producers-test-material-with-automakers/",{"text":720,"type":581}," over lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) battery chemistries led the Chinese government to suggest banning NCM and ",{"text":722,"type":581,"marks":723},"sodium sulphur batteries",[724],{"type":591,"attrs":725},{"href":726,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-does-catls-sodium-ion-cell-mean-for-the-battery-supply-chain/",{"text":728,"type":581}," from being used in ESS applications.",{"type":576,"attrs":730,"content":731},{"textAlign":49},[732],{"text":733,"type":581},"When NCM batteries are used, it is mostly for behind-the-metre applications such as residential or commercial storage systems combined with rooftop solar. But even for these applications LFP is increasingly the preferred choice.",{"type":613,"attrs":735,"content":736},{"level":615,"textAlign":49},[737],{"text":738,"type":581},"Turning to China ",{"type":576,"attrs":740,"content":741},{"textAlign":49},[742,744,750],{"text":743,"type":581},"However, despite the IRA encouraging the deployment of grid-scale storage systems, sourcing the ",{"text":745,"type":581,"marks":746},"LFP required for these projects will likely rely on China",[747],{"type":591,"attrs":748},{"href":749,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/west-needs-to-build-lfp-battery-capacity-for-technology-to-go-global/",{"text":751,"type":581},". China will produce 99% of LFP cathodes this year and Benchmark forecasts this will only drop fractionally to 98% by 2030.",{"type":576,"attrs":753,"content":754},{"textAlign":49},[755,757,763],{"text":756,"type":581},"As a result US energy storage companies are already looking to Chinese companies for battery supply, despite this meaning they could potentially miss out on some of the IRA’s incentives, which ",{"text":758,"type":581,"marks":759},"ban the involvement of companies from China",[760],{"type":591,"attrs":761},{"href":762,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":594},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/can-the-us-meet-the-critical-mineral-requirements-of-the-climate-bill/",{"text":764,"type":581},". ",{"type":576,"attrs":766,"content":767},{"textAlign":49},[768],{"text":769,"type":581},"Last month US energy storage company FlexGen signed a deal with China’s CATL for 10 GWh batteries in the form of its EnerC battery energy storage system which uses LFP cells.",{"type":576,"attrs":771,"content":772},{"textAlign":49},[773],{"text":774,"type":581},"“China has the strength in LFP,” Waid said. “China is able to get those projects up and running in the shorter term quicker than other regions.”","Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) has become the cathode chemistry of choice for energy storage applications around the world. But China’s near monopoly in its production could hamper efforts to deploy such systems in North America. Installations of energy storage are set to accelerate in the US, following the passing of the Inflation Reduction Act this […]",[777],{"slug":564,"name":565,"content":778},{"job_title":567,"image":779,"bio":570,"linkedin":571},{"filename":569},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"90bb110e-6345-49f0-abbc-a3aad41005d3\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[783,786,789,792],{"slug":784,"name":785},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":787,"name":788},"ess","ESS",{"slug":790,"name":791},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":793,"name":794},"new-energy","New Energy","private",{"id":49,"alt":635,"name":635,"focus":635,"title":635,"source":635,"filename":797,"copyright":635,"fieldtype":798,"meta_data":799,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/efd99b890e/bm-catl-booth-1.jpg","asset",{"alt":635,"title":635,"source":635,"copyright":635},"Oct 12, 2022","12th October 2022",[],[],1782746840700]