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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":745,"relatedVideos":746},112470494418927,"b20132ab-d50d-459c-8937-724c6956a64a","China’s new rare earth export rules extend government oversight over trade","chinas-new-rare-earth-export-rules-extend-government-oversight-over-trade","article/chinas-new-rare-earth-export-rules-extend-government-oversight-over-trade",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":556,"content":566,"excerpt":721,"featured":51,"reporter":722,"_editable":726,"component":727,"seo_title":543,"categories":728,"visibility":737,"author_company":49,"featured_image":738,"seo_description":721,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":743,"formattedArticleDate":744},"a5d45b7c-ec05-43eb-ac74-a8f60c44eb5e","2023-11-08 00:00",[550,553],{"slug":551,"name":552},"china","China",{"slug":554,"name":555},"export-restrictions","Export restrictions",[557],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":560},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":561,"image":562,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":563},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":567,"content":568},"doc",[569,576,581,586,591,606,615,622,627,632,637,644,649,660,665,670,675,680,685,698,703,708],{"type":570,"attrs":571,"content":572},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[573],{"text":574,"type":575},"China announced new rare earths export rules on Tuesday, a move designed to extend state control over its domestic industry while demonstrating its power over the global supply chain in the critical minerals. ","text",{"type":570,"attrs":577,"content":578},{"textAlign":49},[579],{"text":580,"type":575},"The Ministry of Commerce has added rare earth oxides and metals to to its catalogue of energy resource products that needed to be reported before export. This means exporters must now report all products going abroad, as well as their destination, to the Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mining, Minerals and Chemicals. The regulations are to last until 31 October 2025.",{"type":570,"attrs":582,"content":583},{"textAlign":49},[584],{"text":585,"type":575},"“The new measures do not restrict exports but do increase supervision. With greater control over the industry comes greater control over the market – meaning the Chinese government would be better able to use exports as a diplomatic tool when things get difficult,” explained Benchmark project manager Daan de Jonge. ",{"type":570,"attrs":587,"content":588},{"textAlign":49},[589],{"text":590,"type":575},"Rare earth oxides and alloys are key inputs for rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs) used in turbines and EV motors. Wind energy and e-mobility are the biggest end use sectors but the elements are also needed to manufacture some advanced defence equipment.",{"type":570,"attrs":592,"content":593},{"textAlign":49},[594,596,604],{"text":595,"type":575},"Dysprosium (Dy) oxide and praseodymium-neodymium (PrNd) oxide, both subject to the new regulations, are used in REPM manufacturing. China is by far the world’s biggest producer, forecast to process ",{"text":597,"type":575,"marks":598},"99.9% of the world’s Dy oxide",[599],{"type":600,"attrs":601},"link",{"href":602,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":603},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/rare-earths/reports/","url",{"text":605,"type":575}," and 80% of PrNd oxide in 2023 according to Benchmark data.",{"type":570,"attrs":607,"content":608},{"textAlign":49},[609],{"type":610,"attrs":611},"image",{"id":49,"alt":612,"src":613,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":614},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/9b614836c4/bm-chart-screenshot-45.png",{},{"type":570,"attrs":616,"content":617},{"textAlign":49},[618],{"type":610,"attrs":619},{"id":49,"alt":612,"src":620,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":621},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/190c903d7a/bm-chart-screenshot-44.png",{},{"type":570,"attrs":623,"content":624},{"textAlign":49},[625],{"text":626,"type":575},"China produces over 90% of the global supply in REPMs but these components do not fall under the new exporting reporting rules. ",{"type":570,"attrs":628,"content":629},{"textAlign":49},[630],{"text":631,"type":575},"These regulations are the latest measures by the Chinese government to develop its rare earths industry under greater state supervision, a programme that began in 2021. ",{"type":570,"attrs":633,"content":634},{"textAlign":49},[635],{"text":636,"type":575},"On 3 November 2023, the Chinese government reaffirmed its commitment to state-led development of the domestic rare earths industry by announcing new plans to more closely coordinate the supply chain. ",{"type":638,"attrs":639,"content":641},"heading",{"level":640,"textAlign":49},4,[642],{"text":643,"type":575},"Ex-China REPM producers could be at risk",{"type":570,"attrs":645,"content":646},{"textAlign":49},[647],{"text":648,"type":575},"Japan, a major ex-China REPM manufacturer, would be most affected by any moves to restrict Chinese exports. The country imports oxides and alloys from China and does not have its own rare earths mining or separation capacity. ",{"type":570,"attrs":650,"content":651},{"textAlign":49},[652,658],{"text":653,"type":575,"marks":654},"Europe’s industry",[655],{"type":600,"attrs":656},{"href":657,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":603},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/rare-earth-permanent-magnet-production-advances-outside-of-china",{"text":659,"type":575}," could also be affected if China actually limits the flow of rare earth oxides and metals. Germany’s Vacuumschmelze is one of the few European companies operating in the space while Canada’s Neo Magnequench began construction on an REPM plant in Estonia earlier in the year.",{"type":570,"attrs":661,"content":662},{"textAlign":49},[663],{"text":664,"type":575},"The region has some operating and pipeline REPM capacity but limited feedstock prospects and processing capacity.  ",{"type":638,"attrs":666,"content":667},{"level":640,"textAlign":49},[668],{"text":669,"type":575},"Trade tensions",{"type":570,"attrs":671,"content":672},{"textAlign":49},[673],{"text":674,"type":575},"China’s new export rules build on a series of measures from 2020 onwards by the Chinese government to extend state control over the rare earths industry and pursue ‘rational development’ of these critical resources. ",{"type":570,"attrs":676,"content":677},{"textAlign":49},[678],{"text":679,"type":575},"The new rules on reporting rare earths exports also send a signal to the rest of the world that China has the means to regulate the flow of these critical minerals.",{"type":570,"attrs":681,"content":682},{"textAlign":49},[683],{"text":684,"type":575},"This move comes at a fraught time for US-Chinese trade relations. In July 2023, the China’s Ministry of Commerce announced restrictions on products made from minor metals gallium and germanium used to make semiconductors, an apparent response to new US controls on exports to China’s manufacturing sector.",{"type":570,"attrs":686,"content":687},{"textAlign":49},[688,690,696],{"text":689,"type":575},"In mid-October, a US government decision to extend limits on semiconductor exports to China was followed by China announcing a new export permit system for ",{"text":691,"type":575,"marks":692},"graphite",[693],{"type":600,"attrs":694},{"href":695,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":603},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/china-graphite-export-restrictions-could-hinder-ex-china-anode-development",{"text":697,"type":575}," products, including those needed to make battery anodes.",{"type":570,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701],{"text":702,"type":575},"Tuesday’s announcement also comes before a face-to-face meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in San Francisco, starting 11 November.",{"type":570,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706],{"text":707,"type":575},"China’s near-monopoly over processed rare earths has long fuelled Western concerns that the country could use export restrictions as diplomatic and geopolitical leverage. ",{"type":570,"attrs":709,"content":710},{"textAlign":49},[711,713,719],{"text":712,"type":575},"These fears have driven the US government’s current efforts to build a domestic",{"text":714,"type":575,"marks":715}," supply chain",[716],{"type":600,"attrs":717},{"href":718,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":603},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/us-targets-rare-earth-magnet-industry",{"text":720,"type":575}," in rare earths.","China announced new rare earths export rules on Tuesday, a move designed to extend state control over its domestic industry while demonstrating its power over the global supply chain in the critical minerals. The Ministry of Commerce has added rare earth oxides and metals to to its catalogue of energy resource products that needed to […]",[723],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":724},{"job_title":561,"image":725,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},{"filename":563},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"a5d45b7c-ec05-43eb-ac74-a8f60c44eb5e\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[729,732,735],{"slug":730,"name":731},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":733,"name":734},"new-energy","New Energy",{"slug":736,"name":414},"rare-earths","private",{"id":49,"alt":739,"name":612,"focus":612,"title":739,"source":612,"filename":740,"copyright":612,"fieldtype":741,"meta_data":742,"is_external_url":51},"Cargo ships loaded with rare earth soil for export in China","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/fb2e2847c3/bm-shutterstock-119301508.jpg","asset",{"alt":739,"title":739,"source":612,"copyright":612},"Nov 08, 2023","8th November 2023",[],[],1784052279001]