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ion Batteries",74.53,71.3,4.53,-1.6,-20.88,[345,346,348,351,354,357,360,363,366,368,371,374],{"date":337,"value":339},{"date":347,"value":340},"2025-02-28",{"date":349,"value":350},"2025-01-31",71.45,{"date":352,"value":353},"2024-12-31",75.74,{"date":355,"value":356},"2024-11-29",76.98,{"date":358,"value":359},"2024-10-31",77.34,{"date":361,"value":362},"2024-09-30",77.43,{"date":364,"value":365},"2024-08-30",80.56,{"date":367,"value":207},"2024-07-31",{"date":369,"value":370},"2024-06-28",87.2,{"date":372,"value":373},"2024-05-31",90.7,{"date":375,"value":376},"2024-04-30",93.2,"/battery-gigafactory/prices",{"publishedDate":379,"updateFrequency":6,"updateFrequencyText":7,"label":380,"today":381,"last":382,"percentageChange":383,"yearToDate":384,"yearOnYear":385,"oneYearIndexTrend":386,"url":418,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-10-08","Black 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Earths",172.08,171.72,0.21,20.59,30.21,[427,428,430,433,436,439,442,445,448,451,454,457],{"date":262,"value":421},{"date":429,"value":422},"2026-10-01",{"date":431,"value":432},"2026-09-03",170.83,{"date":434,"value":435},"2026-08-20",169.63,{"date":437,"value":438},"2026-08-06",172.28,{"date":440,"value":441},"2026-07-23",173.94,{"date":443,"value":444},"2026-07-09",171.69,{"date":446,"value":447},"2026-06-25",168.55,{"date":449,"value":450},"2026-06-11",165,{"date":452,"value":453},"2026-05-28",163.89,{"date":455,"value":456},"2026-05-14",172.63,{"date":209,"value":458},175.6,"/rare-earths/prices",{"publishedDate":198,"updateFrequency":187,"updateFrequencyText":188,"label":461,"today":462,"last":463,"percentageChange":464,"yearToDate":465,"yearOnYear":466,"oneYearIndexTrend":467,"url":377,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"NCM Mid-Nickel",152.7,162.48,-6.02,17.38,53.11,[468,469,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,486,488],{"date":198,"value":462},{"date":200,"value":463},{"date":203,"value":471},171.08,{"date":206,"value":473},173.65,{"date":209,"value":475},164.53,{"date":212,"value":477},157.28,{"date":215,"value":479},151.44,{"date":218,"value":481},144.5,{"date":221,"value":483},130.09,{"date":224,"value":485},124.6,{"date":227,"value":487},122.35,{"date":255,"value":489},103.5,{"publishedDate":198,"updateFrequency":187,"updateFrequencyText":188,"label":491,"today":492,"last":493,"percentageChange":494,"yearToDate":495,"yearOnYear":496,"oneYearIndexTrend":497,"url":377,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"NCM High-Nickel",144.45,149.67,-3.49,26.69,49.06,[498,499,500,502,504,506,508,510,512,514,516,518],{"date":198,"value":492},{"date":200,"value":493},{"date":203,"value":501},157.37,{"date":206,"value":503},160,{"date":209,"value":505},149.53,{"date":212,"value":507},141.97,{"date":215,"value":509},136.99,{"date":218,"value":511},129.81,{"date":221,"value":513},114.02,{"date":224,"value":515},109.17,{"date":227,"value":517},109.02,{"date":255,"value":519},99.44,{"publishedDate":198,"updateFrequency":187,"updateFrequencyText":188,"label":521,"today":522,"last":523,"percentageChange":524,"yearToDate":525,"yearOnYear":526,"oneYearIndexTrend":527,"url":377,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"LFP",229.17,218.34,4.96,49.35,83.44,[528,529,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548],{"date":198,"value":522},{"date":200,"value":523},{"date":203,"value":531},239.1,{"date":206,"value":533},258.32,{"date":209,"value":535},239.37,{"date":212,"value":537},213.01,{"date":215,"value":539},204.49,{"date":218,"value":541},218.06,{"date":221,"value":543},153.45,{"date":224,"value":545},134.02,{"date":227,"value":547},118.22,{"date":255,"value":549},111.93,{"id":551,"uuid":552,"name":553,"slug":554,"full_slug":555,"content":556,"relatedArticles":738,"relatedVideos":739},112474588281904,"28d466f8-6905-4541-aac6-f5174c0ea6ec","Cobalt prices close in on historic highs under battery demand","cobalt-prices-close-in-on-historic-highs-under-battery-demand","article/cobalt-prices-close-in-on-historic-highs-under-battery-demand",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":560,"content":570,"excerpt":714,"featured":50,"reporter":715,"_editable":719,"component":720,"seo_title":553,"categories":721,"visibility":730,"author_company":49,"featured_image":731,"seo_description":714,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":736,"formattedArticleDate":737},"d127deba-93f0-49da-82c8-68a9b34668dc","2018-06-18 00:00",[],[561],{"slug":562,"name":563,"content":564},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":565,"image":566,"bio":568,"linkedin":569},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":567},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":571,"content":572},"doc",[573,581,591,596,601,610,615,621,630,635,640,645,650,655,660,665,670,675,680,685,693,698,703],{"type":574,"attrs":575,"content":577},"heading",{"level":576,"textAlign":49},3,[578],{"text":579,"type":580},"Growing demand and changes to legislation are pushing volatile cobalt prices even higher","text",{"type":582,"attrs":583,"content":584},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[585,587,589],{"text":586,"type":580},"The price of cobalt metal and chemicals have continued to rally in Q1 2018 following on from significant gains in 2017, with metal prices rising to $44/lb ($97,000/tonne) and the ",{"text":588,"type":580},"Benchmark cobalt sulphate price",{"text":590,"type":580}," up 27% since the start of the year. Whilst comparisons are being made to the price surges of 2008, which reached over $50/lb ($110,000/tonne), prices aren’t quite there yet, but if demand and market interest around the battery mineral set to continue it may not be long before they are.",{"type":582,"attrs":592,"content":593},{"textAlign":49},[594],{"text":595,"type":580},"Back in 2007, around the time of the first iPhone launch the total cobalt market was below 55,000 tpa, since then and the mass adoption of smartphones, tablets and laptop computers the market has grown to 100,000tpa. Looking forward, demand strains on the cobalt supply chain show no sign of slowing as the lithium ion battery industry ramps up for mass adoption of electric vehicles and stationary storage.",{"type":582,"attrs":597,"content":598},{"textAlign":49},[599],{"text":600,"type":580},"Converse to logical thought, such high and volatile prices are not something favoured by many of the industry’s producers, with many believing price rises are helping accelerate the move to high nickel/low cobalt technologies. But without doubt demand is going to increase dramatically in the coming years and by the early 2020’s it is very doubtful that supply will be able to keep pace with demand the perfect environment for further price increases.",{"type":582,"attrs":602,"content":603},{"textAlign":49},[604,606,608],{"text":605,"type":580},"Here ",{"text":607,"type":580},"Benchmark Mineral Intelligence",{"text":609,"type":580}," looks at a number of key factors that will influence how far prices go.",{"type":574,"attrs":611,"content":612},{"level":576,"textAlign":49},[613],{"text":614,"type":580},"Push factors",{"type":574,"attrs":616,"content":618},{"level":617,"textAlign":49},6,[619],{"text":620,"type":580},"DEMAND",{"type":582,"attrs":622,"content":623},{"textAlign":49},[624,626,628],{"text":625,"type":580},"The primary driver for everything happening to cobalt pricing. ",{"text":627,"type":580},"Benchmark",{"text":629,"type":580}," expects battery demand to grow 5x from 2017 levels by 2025 to well in excess of 500GWh, with nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) and nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA) cathodes at the heart of this growth.",{"type":574,"attrs":631,"content":632},{"level":617,"textAlign":49},[633],{"text":634,"type":580},"DRC MINING CODE",{"type":582,"attrs":636,"content":637},{"textAlign":49},[638],{"text":639,"type":580},"The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) government has moved to change legislation which will increase royalties on copper and cobalt from 2% to 3.5%, increased the state owned unpaid share from 5% to 10%, introduce a new profit windfall tax (50% taxation when commodity prices increase 25% above those stated in a project’s bankable feasibility study) and decreased the period under which contracts can be reviewed from 10 years to 5 years. It would also allow the government to further increase the royalties on cobalt to 10% if the country chose to deem it a “strategic substance”. Previous legislation guaranteed the countries miners a 10-year grace period of protection from any future changes but lawmakers voted in favour of enforcing the new measures immediately for all projects, something which has faced strong opposition from miners such as Glencore and China Molybdenum. If the new measures go ahead as planned, miners are facing significantly higher costs, which will undoubtedly be passed onto the market. The higher taxes and lack of guaranteed legislative stability in the DRC market may also deter future investments in the country, slowing the growth of new supply or expansions on existing projects further straining the supply chain.",{"type":574,"attrs":641,"content":642},{"level":617,"textAlign":49},[643],{"text":644,"type":580},"AUTOMAKERS/OEMS IN THE MARKET",{"type":582,"attrs":646,"content":647},{"textAlign":49},[648],{"text":649,"type":580},"Over the past several months there have been numerous reports of automakers, OEMs and cell manufacturers looking to climb the supply chain and source cobalt raw materials at the mine level, gathering pace in the media particularly following VW’s announcement in H2 2017 of their $80b procurement program. Since then a string of companies have been linked with miners including Apple, BMW and more recently SK Innovation. With automakers looking to secure long term (5-10 year) deals in the market, far longer than the normal 12-month supply contracts that the market has been based on historically, this only helps fuel the fires of a supply shortage as large volumes of material get locked up in single deals.",{"type":574,"attrs":651,"content":652},{"level":576,"textAlign":49},[653],{"text":654,"type":580},"Pull factors",{"type":574,"attrs":656,"content":657},{"level":617,"textAlign":49},[658],{"text":659,"type":580},"INDUSTRY RESPONSE",{"type":582,"attrs":661,"content":662},{"textAlign":49},[663],{"text":664,"type":580},"In December 2017 Glencore announced their production forecast for Katanga Mining in the DRC, the project had been on care and maintenance for 2 years whilst undergoing a processing plant upgrade. The forecast was much higher than anticipated, previous statements from the company had suggest a production of 20,000tpa but the announcement stated the project would produce 34,000tpa in the first full year of mining and a long-term average of 30,000tpa.",{"type":582,"attrs":666,"content":667},{"textAlign":49},[668],{"text":669,"type":580},"Whilst many in the industry questioned whether these numbers were possible it showed a clear statement of intent from the world’s largest cobalt producer. If Glencore can achieve production numbers close to this forecast, alongside the anticipated production from ERG and the RTR project (also based in the DRC, with a nameplate capacity of 14,000tpa in the first phase on mining), the two combined could help alleviate fears over shortage of supply and slow and increase in cobalt pricing in the future.",{"type":574,"attrs":671,"content":672},{"level":617,"textAlign":49},[673],{"text":674,"type":580},"SUBSIDY POLICY",{"type":582,"attrs":676,"content":677},{"textAlign":49},[678],{"text":679,"type":580},"Recent revisions to Chinese subsidy policy favoured long vehicle range, extending the minimum requirement for range to 150km (up from 100km) and giving the biggest subsidies to vehicles with +400km range. In order to achieve this we may see the Chinese market push for the more energy dense, nickel rich NCM cathode types, ultimately accelerating the move towards NCM 811 (8 parts nickel, 1 part cobalt and 1 part manganese) representing a lower utilisation rate of cobalt in each cell, although some of this will be outweighed by larger pack sizes for greater range.",{"type":574,"attrs":681,"content":682},{"level":617,"textAlign":49},[683],{"text":684,"type":580},"SUBSTITUTION",{"type":582,"attrs":686,"content":687},{"textAlign":49},[688,690,691],{"text":689,"type":580},"With higher cobalt prices and changes to the subsidy policy in China comes a push to accelerate the move to high nickel/low cobalt cathode technology, with the greatest impact coming from the move to NCM811. Whilst this is something that is regularly discussed in the industry, ",{"text":627,"type":580},{"text":692,"type":580}," believes the challenges of bringing such technology to market on a mass scale still remain and therefore expect the transition to the technology to be gradual.",{"type":574,"attrs":694,"content":695},{"level":576,"textAlign":49},[696],{"text":697,"type":580},"More push than pull?",{"type":582,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701],{"text":702,"type":580},"The fact of the matter is that push factors outweigh pull on two fronts, they are more immediate and ultimately they are more powerful. The impacts of demand, the DRC mining royalty revisions and purchasing by OEMs at the mine level will impact the market more quickly than those factors that have the ability to slow price increases.",{"type":582,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706,708,709,711,712],{"text":707,"type":580},"The biggest story here is demand, ",{"text":627,"type":580},{"text":710,"type":580}," estimates that a mine roughly the size of ERG’s RTR project needs to be brought online every year between now and 2025 in order to keep up with demand. This challenge is even more significant when you consider the by-product nature of cobalt production. Fundamentally, market pressure is continually upward, and under a backdrop of strong demand, rising EV penetration forecasts and legislation to the detriment of the internal combustion engine at ",{"text":627,"type":580},{"text":713,"type":580}," we see little chance of prices decreasing significantly for the remainder of 2018.","Growing demand and changes to legislation are pushing volatile cobalt prices even higher The price of cobalt metal and chemicals have continued to rally in Q1 2018 following on from significant gains in 2017, with metal prices rising to $44/lb ($97,000/tonne) and the Benchmark cobalt sulphate price up 27% since the start of the year. […]",[716],{"slug":562,"name":563,"content":717},{"job_title":565,"image":718,"bio":568,"linkedin":569},{"filename":567},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"d127deba-93f0-49da-82c8-68a9b34668dc\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[722,725,727],{"slug":723,"name":724},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":726,"name":115},"cobalt",{"slug":728,"name":729},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals","private",{"id":49,"alt":732,"name":732,"focus":732,"title":732,"source":732,"filename":733,"copyright":732,"fieldtype":734,"meta_data":735,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/066ca9132e/bm-222104-drc-artisanal-cobalt-mining-e1640797277414.jpeg","asset",{"alt":732,"title":732,"source":732,"copyright":732},"Jun 18, 2018","18th June 2018",[],[],1792773944559]