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sizes","deficit-of-100-flake-graphite-deficit-could-push-anode-makers-to-larger-flakes","article/deficit-of-100-flake-graphite-deficit-could-push-anode-makers-to-larger-flakes",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":565,"content":575,"excerpt":746,"featured":51,"reporter":747,"_editable":751,"component":752,"seo_title":543,"categories":753,"visibility":760,"author_company":49,"data_vis_image":761,"featured_image":765,"seo_description":746,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":768,"formattedArticleDate":769},"28196251-36e9-4a5f-9a47-a314d94852a4","2023-07-21 00:00",[550,553,556,559,562],{"slug":551,"name":552},"data-visualisation","Data Visualisation",{"slug":554,"name":555},"flake-graphite","flake graphite",{"slug":557,"name":558},"mesh-size","Mesh size",{"slug":560,"name":561},"nextsource-materials","NextSource Materials",{"slug":563,"name":564},"syrah-resources","Syrah Resources",[566],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":569},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":570,"image":571,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":572},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":576,"content":577},"doc",[578,585,590,595,600,615,620,625,630,637,642,647,652,657,666,671,676,681,686,691,696,701,706,711,716,721,726,731,736,741],{"type":579,"attrs":580,"content":581},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[582],{"text":583,"type":584},"Anode makers could look to larger flake graphite sizes keep up with battery demand as Benchmark forecasts a growing -100 flake graphite deficit. ","text",{"type":579,"attrs":586,"content":587},{"textAlign":49},[588],{"text":589,"type":584},"Before being converted into the spherical graphite required for battery anode material, flake graphite must first be micronised.",{"type":579,"attrs":591,"content":592},{"textAlign":49},[593],{"text":594,"type":584},"Given that the larger graphite flake sizes sell at a premium and also need more micronisation, anode producers are generally reluctant to buy these large sizes and so look to buy the smallest flake graphite (i.e., -100 mesh).",{"type":579,"attrs":596,"content":597},{"textAlign":49},[598],{"text":599,"type":584},"“The anode producer’s mentality is, why pay more for a larger flake size when the less expensive small flake is then further reduced in size as part of the anode making process?” Brent Nykoliation, executive vice president of NextSource Materials–a Canadian flake graphite miner operating the Molo graphite mine in Madagascar–told Benchmark Source.",{"type":579,"attrs":601,"content":602},{"textAlign":49},[603,605,613],{"text":604,"type":584},"But this size of graphite is in a deficit, according to ",{"text":606,"type":584,"marks":607},"Benchmark’s Natural Graphite Forecast",[608],{"type":609,"attrs":610},"link",{"href":611,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":612},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/natural-graphite/","url",{"text":614,"type":584},". The industries which require the larger graphite sizes are not growing at the same pace as the battery industry, leading to a surplus of the larger mesh sizes.",{"type":579,"attrs":616,"content":617},{"textAlign":49},[618],{"text":619,"type":584},"If they can’t source enough of the -100 flake graphite of the purity required, they may look to using lower purity material, according to Tony Alderson, an analyst at Benchmark. This requires a larger throughput of material and degrades equipment quicker.",{"type":579,"attrs":621,"content":622},{"textAlign":49},[623],{"text":624,"type":584},"“Then once they utilise that avenue, the larger flake sizes and synthetic graphite anode options open up,” Alderson said.",{"type":579,"attrs":626,"content":627},{"textAlign":49},[628],{"text":629,"type":584},"But both the larger mesh sizes and synthetic graphite options typically incur higher costs.",{"type":631,"attrs":632,"content":634},"heading",{"level":633,"textAlign":49},4,[635],{"text":636,"type":584},"Growing -100 deficit",{"type":579,"attrs":638,"content":639},{"textAlign":49},[640],{"text":641,"type":584},"In 2023, the supply of -100 flake graphite is forecast to be 69% of demand, despite the overall graphite market being in a slight surplus. In 2030, Benchmark forecasts that supply of -100 flake will be just 46% of demand with the market in an overall deficit.",{"type":579,"attrs":643,"content":644},{"textAlign":49},[645],{"text":646,"type":584},"But despite the deficit forecast for 2030, it is only supply of the -100 mesh size that will actually be lower than demand. The vast majority of mines produce a mix of mesh sizes with just 28 out of the 73 mines in operation of development tracked by Benchmark having -100 flake production representing 50% or more of their production.",{"type":579,"attrs":648,"content":649},{"textAlign":49},[650],{"text":651,"type":584},"As a result of the push to open more graphite mines to meet the growing demand for batteries, supply of larger flake sizes of graphite is growing, despite the demand for such grades being relatively steady.",{"type":579,"attrs":653,"content":654},{"textAlign":49},[655],{"text":656,"type":584},"Between 2023 and 2030, demand for -100 flake graphite is forecast to grow 202%. Demand for all other mesh sizes combined is forecast to grow just 11% in the same period. Yet supply of these larger mesh sizes is forecast to increase by 118% and -100 to grow by 104%.",{"type":579,"attrs":658,"content":659},{"textAlign":49},[660],{"type":661,"attrs":662},"image",{"id":49,"alt":663,"src":664,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":665},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/3351c79bb8/bm-graphite-balance-chart-by-flake.png",{},{"type":631,"attrs":667,"content":668},{"level":633,"textAlign":49},[669],{"text":670,"type":584},"How will anode material producers respond?",{"type":579,"attrs":672,"content":673},{"textAlign":49},[674],{"text":675,"type":584},"Given the increasing undersupply of -100 flake graphite and the oversupply of larger mesh sizes, it is possible that some anode makers will have to buy the currently more expensive larger mesh sizes and process those down to the size needed to produce the spherical graphite required for battery anode material.",{"type":579,"attrs":677,"content":678},{"textAlign":49},[679],{"text":680,"type":584},"“You can use any material, you just have to put more work into it,” Joe Williams, head of technical marketing at Syrah Resources–an Australian flake graphite miner operating in Mozambique–told Benchmark Source.",{"type":579,"attrs":682,"content":683},{"textAlign":49},[684],{"text":685,"type":584},"Earlier this year, Syrah Resources paused operations at its Balama graphite mine in response to the current low graphite prices resulting from an oversupply in the overall market, anode makers having large inventories and relatively weak downstream demand.",{"type":579,"attrs":687,"content":688},{"textAlign":49},[689],{"text":690,"type":584},"Williams added that currently anode active material producers wouldn’t look to use the larger mesh sizes to produce their product unless the price of the larger mesh size was “pretty much the same” as the smaller size.",{"type":579,"attrs":692,"content":693},{"textAlign":49},[694],{"text":695,"type":584},"In addition to mesh size, purity is also important. Typically for spherical graphite production for anode material, 94-95% purity feedstock is used. Williams said that some buyers are mixing lower purity graphite in with Syrah’s high purity flake to lower costs.",{"type":579,"attrs":697,"content":698},{"textAlign":49},[699],{"text":700,"type":584},"Although -100 prices are currently lower than large mesh sizes, this emerging disparity in the market balances of the respective grades could change the picture.",{"type":579,"attrs":702,"content":703},{"textAlign":49},[704],{"text":705,"type":584},"“The market for large, coarse flake, commands a premium but is small in comparison to the market demand for anode material,” Nykoliation said. “Graphite buyers in turn will need to decide if they are willing to pay a premium for larger flake material that may only be available at times to meet the demand for anode feedstock,” he added.  ",{"type":631,"attrs":707,"content":708},{"level":633,"textAlign":49},[709],{"text":710,"type":584},"The benefits of vertical integration",{"type":579,"attrs":712,"content":713},{"textAlign":49},[714],{"text":715,"type":584},"Both Syrah and NextSource have planned integrated operations meaning they can go from mining the graphite through to producing natural graphite anode material.",{"type":579,"attrs":717,"content":718},{"textAlign":49},[719],{"text":720,"type":584},"Syrah has their Vidalia facility for producing anode active material in Louisiana in the US, whereas NextSource are planning to construct an AAM production facility in Mauritius.",{"type":579,"attrs":722,"content":723},{"textAlign":49},[724],{"text":725,"type":584},"Through integration, a company is able to reduce their exposure to changing graphite prices by taking the material through to completed anode material. And if they have a surplus of larger flake graphite material this can be used in their own processes.",{"type":579,"attrs":727,"content":728},{"textAlign":49},[729],{"text":730,"type":584},"“Generally, it is roughly the same cost for us to produce large and jumbo flake in our plant as it is to produce the medium and small (-100 mesh) material at the flotation stage,” Nykoliation said. “The classification into the different flake sizes occurs at the end of the process,” he added.",{"type":579,"attrs":732,"content":733},{"textAlign":49},[734],{"text":735,"type":584},"Another advantage of integration is the simplification of customer supply chains. With the Inflation Reduction Act requiring US automakers to cut out supply from “foreign entities of concern”, a company covering the whole value chain from mine to AAM is useful.",{"type":579,"attrs":737,"content":738},{"textAlign":49},[739],{"text":740,"type":584},"Given that Benchmark forecasts China will produce 65% of the world’s flake graphite and 98% of spherical graphite this year, the need for increased diversity of supply is clear.",{"type":579,"attrs":742,"content":743},{"textAlign":49},[744],{"text":745,"type":584},"“One of the benefits of vertical integration is that the customer benefits from having that visible chain of custody and security of supply,” Williams said.","Anode makers could look to larger flake graphite sizes keep up with battery demand as Benchmark forecasts a growing -100 flake graphite deficit. Before being converted into the spherical graphite required for battery anode material, flake graphite must first be micronised. Given that the larger graphite flake sizes sell at a premium and also need […]",[748],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":749},{"job_title":570,"image":750,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},{"filename":572},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"28196251-36e9-4a5f-9a47-a314d94852a4\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[754,757],{"slug":755,"name":756},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":758,"name":759},"graphite","Graphite","private",{"id":49,"alt":663,"name":663,"focus":663,"title":663,"source":663,"filename":762,"copyright":663,"fieldtype":763,"meta_data":764,"is_external_url":51},"https://res.cloudinary.com/benchmarkminerals/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1694088398/www-production/100-redact/100-redact.png?_i=AA","asset",{"alt":663,"title":663,"source":663,"copyright":663},{"id":49,"alt":663,"name":663,"focus":663,"title":663,"source":663,"filename":766,"copyright":663,"fieldtype":763,"meta_data":767,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/d1c91ea071/bm-nextsource-molo-madagascar.jpeg",{"alt":663,"title":663,"source":663,"copyright":663},"Jul 21, 2023","21st July 2023",[],[],1785165558797]