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self-reliance","eu-increases-critical-mineral-recycling-targets-in-bid-to-increase-self-reliance","article/eu-increases-critical-mineral-recycling-targets-in-bid-to-increase-self-reliance",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":565,"content":575,"excerpt":832,"featured":51,"reporter":833,"_editable":837,"component":838,"seo_title":543,"categories":839,"visibility":848,"author_company":49,"data_vis_image":849,"featured_image":854,"seo_description":832,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":857,"formattedArticleDate":858},"849bd8e1-41aa-46f2-b00b-a7f4c6440796","2023-11-22 00:00",[550,553,556,559,562],{"slug":551,"name":552},"critical-raw-materials-act","Critical Raw Materials Act",{"slug":554,"name":555},"data-visualisation","Data Visualisation",{"slug":557,"name":558},"europe","Europe",{"slug":560,"name":561},"european-union","European Union",{"slug":563,"name":564},"policy","Policy",[566],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":569},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":570,"image":571,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":572},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":576,"content":577},"doc",[578,595,600,611,624,629,642,655,660,669,682,687,692,699,704,716,721,726,731,736,744,749,754,762,767,772,777,782,795,808,819],{"type":579,"attrs":580,"content":581},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[582,585,593],{"text":583,"type":584},"The European Union has increased its target for the proportion of annual demand for critical minerals that should be sourced from ","text",{"text":586,"type":584,"marks":587},"recycling",[588],{"type":589,"attrs":590},"link",{"href":591,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/recycling/reports/","url",{"text":594,"type":584},", in an effort to reduce its reliance on China for clean energy inputs. ",{"type":579,"attrs":596,"content":597},{"textAlign":49},[598],{"text":599,"type":584},"The Council and the European Parliament reached an agreement this month on the Critical Raw Materials Act, which could see it passed into law next year. The target for recycled materials has increased from 15% to 25% of annual demand by 2030.",{"type":579,"attrs":601,"content":602},{"textAlign":49},[603,609],{"text":604,"type":584,"marks":605},"Benchmark forecasts",[606],{"type":589,"attrs":607},{"href":608,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/recycling/reports",{"text":610,"type":584}," show that no battery mineral is set to be produced from recycled sources in high enough quantities to meet this benchmark by 2030.",{"type":579,"attrs":612,"content":613},{"textAlign":49},[614,616,622],{"text":615,"type":584},"“These targets are ambitious,” Beatrice Browning, a recycling analyst at Benchmark, said. “In order for this to happen the EU needs to ramp up ",{"text":617,"type":584,"marks":618},"hydrometallurgical capacity",[619],{"type":589,"attrs":620},{"href":621,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-is-black-mass-and-how-is-it-priced",{"text":623,"type":584},", particularly for lithium recovery.”",{"type":579,"attrs":625,"content":626},{"textAlign":49},[627],{"text":628,"type":584},"Previous drafts of the CRMA required that recycled sources account for at least 15% of the EU’s annual strategic raw material consumption. ",{"type":579,"attrs":630,"content":631},{"textAlign":49},[632,634,640],{"text":633,"type":584},"The previous ",{"text":635,"type":584,"marks":636},"benchmark was already ambitious",[637],{"type":589,"attrs":638},{"href":639,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/how-achievable-are-the-eu-critical-raw-materials-targets",{"text":641,"type":584},". Benchmark’s data shows that current projections for Europe’s 2030 scrap pool and recycling technology mix could mean recycled sources will account for just 5% of the bloc’s lithium demand from batteries.",{"type":579,"attrs":643,"content":644},{"textAlign":49},[645,647,653],{"text":646,"type":584},"Although these are benchmarks, rather than mandatory targets, the increased prominence given to recycling could ",{"text":648,"type":584,"marks":649},"boost the industry in the bloc",[650],{"type":589,"attrs":651},{"href":652,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/north-american-recyclers-set-sights-on-european-market",{"text":654,"type":584},".",{"type":579,"attrs":656,"content":657},{"textAlign":49},[658],{"text":659,"type":584},"“By increasing the 2030 recycling benchmark, the EU sends a signal that it is taking recycling very seriously and sees this as an important strategy to increase its security of supply,” Bryan Bille, an analyst at Benchmark, said.",{"type":579,"attrs":661,"content":662},{"textAlign":49},[663],{"type":664,"attrs":665},"image",{"id":49,"alt":666,"src":667,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":668},"Recycling in the EU needs to be improved across the board to meet CRMA targets","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/dd6cc9d4e0/bm-recycling-crma.png",{},{"type":579,"attrs":670,"content":671},{"textAlign":49},[672,674,680],{"text":673,"type":584},"Earlier this year, the EU adopted ",{"text":675,"type":584,"marks":676},"new battery regulations",[677],{"type":589,"attrs":678},{"href":679,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/can-the-eu-meet-its-proposed-battery-metals-recycling-targets",{"text":681,"type":584}," which stipulate mandatory minimum levels of recycled content for batteries. ",{"type":579,"attrs":683,"content":684},{"textAlign":49},[685],{"text":686,"type":584},"Unlike the CRMA benchmarks, these are mandatory targets.",{"type":579,"attrs":688,"content":689},{"textAlign":49},[690],{"text":691,"type":584},"The targets are set to 6%, 6%, and 16% for lithium, nickel and cobalt, respectively, from 2031. The minimum percentages in the battery regulations increase to 12%, 15%, and 26% from 2036.",{"type":693,"attrs":694,"content":696},"heading",{"level":695,"textAlign":49},4,[697],{"text":698,"type":584},"Geopolitical momentum",{"type":579,"attrs":700,"content":701},{"textAlign":49},[702],{"text":703,"type":584},"The proposed updates to the Act are in addition to the requirements that at least 10% of the EU’s strategic raw material consumption be mined in the bloc and at least 40% of its consumption be processed in the bloc.",{"type":579,"attrs":705,"content":706},{"textAlign":49},[707,709,715],{"text":708,"type":584},"The CRMA also states that for any given strategic raw material, no more than 65% of the EU’s annual consumption should come from a ",{"text":710,"type":584,"marks":711},"single third country",[712],{"type":589,"attrs":713},{"href":714,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-china-controls-three-quarters-of-graphite-anode-supply-chain",{"text":654,"type":584},{"type":579,"attrs":717,"content":718},{"textAlign":49},[719],{"text":720,"type":584},"“By publishing these benchmarks, the EU aims to create geopolitical momentum and drive the development of local critical raw material supply chains forward,” Bille said.",{"type":579,"attrs":722,"content":723},{"textAlign":49},[724],{"text":725,"type":584},"Bille added that the CRMA currently lacks any “real incentives for private investments” and doesn’t have any targeted funding “despite calls from the industry to create a European Critical Raw Materials Fund.”",{"type":579,"attrs":727,"content":728},{"textAlign":49},[729],{"text":730,"type":584},"“This is a major difference between the US Inflation Reduction Act and the EU CRMA,” he said.",{"type":579,"attrs":732,"content":733},{"textAlign":49},[734],{"text":735,"type":584},"The mining benchmark is forecast to be met by most battery minerals, with cobalt seeing the largest gap between EU supply and demand.",{"type":579,"attrs":737,"content":738},{"textAlign":49},[739],{"type":664,"attrs":740},{"id":49,"alt":741,"src":742,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":743},"Most battery minerals are close to, or above, the CRMA's 10% EU mining target","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/a94dfb4106/bm-mining-crma.png",{},{"type":579,"attrs":745,"content":746},{"textAlign":49},[747],{"text":748,"type":584},"On the processing side, only battery-grade manganese and synthetic graphite are forecast to meet the 40% target. Lithium chemicals and spherical graphite, in particular, fall far short of the target.",{"type":579,"attrs":750,"content":751},{"textAlign":49},[752],{"text":753,"type":584},"However, the benchmarks are aggregated across all strategic raw materials meaning a shortfall in one raw material could be compensated for by others.",{"type":579,"attrs":755,"content":756},{"textAlign":49},[757],{"type":664,"attrs":758},{"id":49,"alt":759,"src":760,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":761},"Lithium chemical and spherical graphite production will require more investment to meet CRMA processing targets","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/b4d859145a/bm-processing-crma.png",{},{"type":579,"attrs":763,"content":764},{"textAlign":49},[765],{"text":766,"type":584},"This provisional version of the Act has been agreed between the European Parliament and the Council of the EU, but will still need to be formally approved in both EU institutions before entering into force.",{"type":693,"attrs":768,"content":769},{"level":695,"textAlign":49},[770],{"text":771,"type":584},"Synthetic graphite joins critical materials list",{"type":579,"attrs":773,"content":774},{"textAlign":49},[775],{"text":776,"type":584},"The EU’s critical raw materials list was last updated earlier this year and features battery minerals including lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese and natural graphite. The latest revision to the CRMA would designate synthetic graphite as a strategic raw material in the three years leading up to the next revision of the list.",{"type":579,"attrs":778,"content":779},{"textAlign":49},[780],{"text":781,"type":584},"Inclusion as strategic raw materials means the mining, processing and recycling benchmarks will apply to it as well.",{"type":579,"attrs":783,"content":784},{"textAlign":49},[785,787,793],{"text":786,"type":584},"EU and EFTA countries are currently forecast by Benchmark to produce 64% of the ",{"text":788,"type":584,"marks":789},"synthetic graphite",[790],{"type":589,"attrs":791},{"href":792,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/five-reasons-western-automakers-face-a-synthetic-graphite-problem",{"text":794,"type":584}," demanded by the battery industry. However, much of this may be redirected to other demand segments such as stainless steel production.",{"type":579,"attrs":796,"content":797},{"textAlign":49},[798,800,806],{"text":799,"type":584},"Spherical graphite, the precursor to natural graphite anodes, is a ",{"text":801,"type":584,"marks":802},"major sticking point",[803],{"type":589,"attrs":804},{"href":805,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/sweden-is-only-eu-member-set-to-produce-spherical-graphite-by-2030",{"text":807,"type":584},", with forecast production of just 16% of the EU’s battery-related demand for the material in 2030.",{"type":579,"attrs":809,"content":810},{"textAlign":49},[811,813,818],{"text":812,"type":584},"Benchmark data shows China exerts dominance over ",{"text":814,"type":584,"marks":815},"three-quarters of the anode supply chain",[816],{"type":589,"attrs":817},{"href":714,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},{"text":654,"type":584},{"type":579,"attrs":820,"content":821},{"textAlign":49},[822,824,830],{"text":823,"type":584},"“The addition of synthetic graphite fits perfectly in the ",{"text":825,"type":584,"marks":826},"current geopolitical competition",[827],{"type":589,"attrs":828},{"href":829,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/china-graphite-export-restrictions-could-hinder-ex-china-anode-development",{"text":831,"type":584}," for access to these strategic resources and China’s dominant position in the graphite supply chain,” Bille said.","The European Union has increased its target for the proportion of annual demand for critical minerals that should be sourced from recycling, in an effort to reduce its reliance on China for clean energy inputs. The Council and the European Parliament reached an agreement this month on the Critical Raw Materials Act, which could see […]",[834],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":835},{"job_title":570,"image":836,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},{"filename":572},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"849bd8e1-41aa-46f2-b00b-a7f4c6440796\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[840,843,845],{"slug":841,"name":842},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":586,"name":844},"Recycling",{"slug":846,"name":847},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":850,"name":850,"focus":850,"title":850,"source":850,"filename":851,"copyright":850,"fieldtype":852,"meta_data":853,"is_external_url":51},"","https://res.cloudinary.com/benchmarkminerals/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1700668207/www-production/Recycling-CRMA-no-Y/Recycling-CRMA-no-Y.png?_i=AA","asset",{"alt":850,"title":850,"source":850,"copyright":850},{"id":49,"alt":850,"name":850,"focus":850,"title":850,"source":850,"filename":855,"copyright":850,"fieldtype":852,"meta_data":856,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/d71e6d8f78/bm-eu-flags.jpg",{"alt":850,"title":850,"source":850,"copyright":850},"Nov 22, 2023","22nd November 2023",[],[],1781512940364]