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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":801,"relatedVideos":802},112474220236344,"1b3c473a-954b-4774-85ca-ce6303bb1e9d","Europe builds on battery megafactory momentum","europe-builds-on-megafactory-momentum","article/europe-builds-on-megafactory-momentum",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":553,"content":563,"excerpt":779,"featured":50,"reporter":780,"_editable":784,"component":785,"seo_title":543,"categories":786,"visibility":793,"author_company":49,"featured_image":794,"seo_description":779,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":799,"formattedArticleDate":800},"6b53af58-1130-4bc5-b347-38aab2b22ae1","2020-01-10 00:00",[550],{"slug":551,"name":552},"europe","Europe",[554],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":557},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":558,"image":559,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":560},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":564,"content":565},"doc",[566,573,578,583,588,595,600,605,614,619,624,631,639,644,649,654,659,664,669,674,681,688,695,702,707,712,717,722,730,738,743,755,768],{"type":567,"attrs":568,"content":569},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[570],{"text":571,"type":572},"Europe’s megafactory momentum continued in Q4 as Tesla announced the Gigafactory 4 and combined European political efforts saw more consensus on building out battery production on the continent.","text",{"type":567,"attrs":574,"content":575},{"textAlign":49},[576],{"text":577,"type":572},"Tesla announced plans to expand battery production into Europe in Q4 2019 as Elon Musk made the surprise announcement that the company would base its European Gigafactory 4 in Germany, widely expected to be in Grünheide in Brandenburg.",{"type":567,"attrs":579,"content":580},{"textAlign":49},[581],{"text":582,"type":572},"Following the announcement Musk also confirmed that the site will produce batteries, powertrains and vehicles, starting with the Model Y SUV at the new site.",{"type":567,"attrs":584,"content":585},{"textAlign":49},[586],{"text":587,"type":572},"Benchmark Minerals expects early vehicle production is likely to come from outside cell suppliers. Both LG Chem and CATL will have megafactories in production in Europe by the time Gigafactory 4 is commissioned and it is possible that these companies could supply Tesla in Europe, although there is no confirmation of this.",{"type":567,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":49},[591,593],{"text":592,"type":572},"Benchmark Minerals forecasts that initial cell production at Gigafactory 4 could begin as soon as 2024 and ramp to 20 GWh capacity by 2029, according to the ",{"text":594,"type":572},"Benchmark Minerals Lithium Ion Battery Megafactory Assessment. ",{"type":567,"attrs":596,"content":597},{"textAlign":49},[598],{"text":599,"type":572},"Tesla’s Gigafactory 1 set a new precedent which has seen automakers globally remodelling their businesses to build electric cars and adapt to completely different supply chains. Germany’s auto companies, although initially hesitant, are now electric vehicle converts with Volkswagen, for instance, having already announced plans for its own battery megafactory.",{"type":567,"attrs":601,"content":602},{"textAlign":49},[603],{"text":604,"type":572},"Musk paid homage to Germany, saying, “everyone knows that German engineering is outstanding and that’s part of the reason we’re locating our Gigafactory Europe in Germany,” while laying down the gauntlet with further competition in the European auto space.",{"type":567,"attrs":606,"content":607},{"textAlign":49},[608,610,612],{"text":609,"type":572},"Currently Tesla Gigafactory 1 produces 21700 format cells operated by Panasonic as part of the North American joint venture. The plant had a capacity of 37 GWh at the end of 2019 – the largest capacity of any megafactory assessed by Benchmark Mineralsfor the year. Tesla’s combined capacity is set to be 80 GWh by 2024 and 155GWh by 2029 with the addition of Gigafactory 4 according to ",{"text":611,"type":572},"Benchmark Minerals Lithium Ion Battery Megafactory Assessment",{"text":613,"type":572},".",{"type":567,"attrs":615,"content":616},{"textAlign":49},[617],{"text":618,"type":572},"Gigafactory 4 will be Tesla’s third vehicle production facility – the Gigafactory 2 produces photovoltaic cells for solar panels – and sees the company join a burgeoning lithium ion megafactory scene in Europe.",{"type":567,"attrs":620,"content":621},{"textAlign":49},[622],{"text":623,"type":572},"While the company has made no specific announcement about lithium ion cell production at the Gigafactory 4, Benchmark Minerals believes this may be the first site that Tesla launches in-house cell production, which would be a major step forward for the automaker.",{"type":625,"attrs":626,"content":628},"heading",{"level":627,"textAlign":49},6,[629],{"text":630,"type":572},"Europe cementing its place",{"type":567,"attrs":632,"content":633},{"textAlign":49},[634,636,637],{"text":635,"type":572},"The Gigafactory 4 announcement was no anomaly as Europe establishes itself as a megafactory hub, second only to China with 367 GWh of production capacity in the pipeline for 2029. During 2019, Benchmark Minerals added 6 European megafactories to the ",{"text":611,"type":572},{"text":638,"type":572},", taking the total to 14 battery megafactories in the pipeline.",{"type":567,"attrs":640,"content":641},{"textAlign":49},[642],{"text":643,"type":572},"There are particularly positive signs coming from Europe as a political consensus is emerging, embodied by the European Battery Alliance, which has spearheaded a funding programme to support the supply chain.",{"type":567,"attrs":645,"content":646},{"textAlign":49},[647],{"text":648,"type":572},"In December, the European Commission approved €3.2bn of funding to assist European based companies to develop the battery supply chain in the bloc, which it is hoping will help to spur private sector investment. The funding is supported by seven European Union Member states: Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Sweden.",{"type":567,"attrs":650,"content":651},{"textAlign":49},[652],{"text":653,"type":572},"The majority of the funding is coming from Germany, France and Italy, who are contributing over 87% of funds between them, while the other countries are providing smaller amounts.",{"type":567,"attrs":655,"content":656},{"textAlign":49},[657],{"text":658,"type":572},"Caspar Rawles, Head of Price Assessments at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence said of the latest developments: “the funding approved by the European Commission is a major step forward for the European battery supply chain which, despite rapid growth in plans in the past 12 months, continues to lag China in terms of scale of investment and capacity plans. The funding will unlock more than €5 billion in private investments allowing for a major acceleration in the supply chain build out.”",{"type":567,"attrs":660,"content":661},{"textAlign":49},[662],{"text":663,"type":572},"The approval of the funding is expected to see the proposed battery production joint venture between PSA and Saft at an Opel factory in Kaiserslautern, Germany, get the final go ahead which should add 32 GWh capacity, with construction expected to commence in 2023. The funding will also trigger the development of an identical 32 GWh battery in France although details of this are sparse at this moment.",{"type":567,"attrs":665,"content":666},{"textAlign":49},[667],{"text":668,"type":572},"The pan-European research and innovation project will have 17 direct participants, although the European Commission expects 70 different external partners to be involved.",{"type":567,"attrs":670,"content":671},{"textAlign":49},[672],{"text":673,"type":572},"The project will focus on four areas, detailed below from the European Commission’s press release:",{"type":567,"attrs":675,"content":676},{"textAlign":49},[677,679],{"text":678,"type":572},"(1)  Raw and advanced materials:",{"text":680,"type":572}," The project aims to develop sustainable innovative processes allowing extraction, concentration, refining and purification of ores to generate high-purity raw materials. With respect to advanced materials (such as cathodes, anodes and electrolytes), the project aims to enhance existing materials or create new ones, to be used in innovative battery cells.",{"type":567,"attrs":682,"content":683},{"textAlign":49},[684,686],{"text":685,"type":572},"(2)  Cells and modules:",{"text":687,"type":572}," The project aims to develop innovative cells and modules designed to meet the safety, and performance required for both automotive and non-automotive applications (e.g. stationary energy storage, power tools, etc.).",{"type":567,"attrs":689,"content":690},{"textAlign":49},[691,693],{"text":692,"type":572},"(3)  Battery systems:",{"text":694,"type":572}," The project aims to develop innovative battery systems including battery management software and algorithms as well as innovative test methods.",{"type":567,"attrs":696,"content":697},{"textAlign":49},[698,700],{"text":699,"type":572},"(4)  Repurposing, recycling and refining:",{"text":701,"type":572}," The project aims to design safe and innovative processes for collection, dismantling, repurposing, recycling and refining of recycled materials.",{"type":625,"attrs":703,"content":704},{"level":627,"textAlign":49},[705],{"text":706,"type":572},"How is Europe’s supply chain shaping up?",{"type":567,"attrs":708,"content":709},{"textAlign":49},[710],{"text":711,"type":572},"The developments in 2019 have largely been at the very downstream section of the supply chain, with a focus on lithium ion production capacity. However, there remain significant gaps in Europe’s downstream supply chain, which the European Battery Alliance and its latest project are tasked with building out.",{"type":567,"attrs":713,"content":714},{"textAlign":49},[715],{"text":716,"type":572},"The EU is hoping these developments can reduce its reliance on Asian battery production.  But Europe’s upstream supply chain is still underdeveloped in battery raw material, anode and cathode production.",{"type":567,"attrs":718,"content":719},{"textAlign":49},[720],{"text":721,"type":572},"Although there are a number of exploration and development stage projects in Europe for key battery raw materials, the continent’s actual production numbers remain tiny-to-non-existent across the key battery minerals of cobalt, nickel, lithium and graphite.",{"type":567,"attrs":723,"content":724},{"textAlign":49},[725,727,729],{"text":726,"type":572},"Europe also has effectively zero cathode production, although Umicore and Johnson Matthey both have cathode production facilities in the construction and planning phases. Benchmark Mineralsexpects Umicore’s Nysa cathode production plant, based in Poland, to be producing NCM 622 cathodes in 2021 and NCM 811 in 2023 according to the ",{"text":728,"type":572},"Benchmark Minerals Cathode Market Assessment",{"text":613,"type":572},{"type":567,"attrs":731,"content":732},{"textAlign":49},[733,735,737],{"text":734,"type":572},"Anode production remains China-centric, with some capacity also in Japan and Korea. Europe has zero production capacity, capacity in construction or capacity planned according to the latest data from the ",{"text":736,"type":572},"Benchmark Minerals Anode Market Assessment",{"text":613,"type":572},{"type":625,"attrs":739,"content":740},{"level":627,"textAlign":49},[741],{"text":742,"type":572},"Sources:",{"type":567,"attrs":744,"content":745},{"textAlign":49},[746],{"text":611,"type":572,"marks":747},[748,753],{"type":749,"attrs":750},"link",{"href":751,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":752},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/megafactories/","url",{"type":754},"italic",{"type":567,"attrs":756,"content":757},{"textAlign":49},[758,764],{"text":728,"type":572,"marks":759},[760,763],{"type":749,"attrs":761},{"href":762,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":752},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/contact/",{"type":754},{"text":765,"type":572,"marks":766}," (contact form)",[767],{"type":754},{"type":567,"attrs":769,"content":770},{"textAlign":49},[771,776],{"text":736,"type":572,"marks":772},[773,775],{"type":749,"attrs":774},{"href":762,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":752},{"type":754},{"text":765,"type":572,"marks":777},[778],{"type":754},"Europe’s megafactory momentum continued in Q4 as Tesla announced the Gigafactory 4 and combined European political efforts saw more consensus on building out battery production on the continent. Tesla announced plans to expand battery production into Europe in Q4 2019 as Elon Musk made the surprise announcement that the company would base its European Gigafactory […]",[781],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":782},{"job_title":558,"image":783,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},{"filename":560},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"6b53af58-1130-4bc5-b347-38aab2b22ae1\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[787,790],{"slug":788,"name":789},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":791,"name":792},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals","private",{"id":49,"alt":795,"name":795,"focus":795,"title":795,"source":795,"filename":796,"copyright":795,"fieldtype":797,"meta_data":798,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/0e3904a495/bm-tesla-coming-soon-e1578676910483.jpg","asset",{"alt":795,"title":795,"source":795,"copyright":795},"Jan 10, 2020","10th January 2020",[],[],1780500993721]