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faces cathode and anode shortage in drive to EVs","europe-faces-cathode-and-anode-shortage-in-drive-to-evs","article/europe-faces-cathode-and-anode-shortage-in-drive-to-evs",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":572,"content":582,"excerpt":773,"featured":51,"reporter":774,"_editable":778,"component":779,"seo_title":553,"categories":780,"visibility":788,"author_company":49,"featured_image":789,"seo_description":773,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":793,"formattedArticleDate":794},"c7949aae-4885-44cc-9eaa-857262e2b035","2023-01-27 00:00",[560,563,566,569],{"slug":561,"name":562},"europe","Europe",{"slug":564,"name":565},"european-union","European Union",{"slug":567,"name":568},"talga","Talga",{"slug":570,"name":571},"umicore","Umicore",[573],{"slug":574,"name":575,"content":576},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":577,"image":578,"bio":580,"linkedin":581},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":579},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":583,"content":584},"doc",[585,592,597,612,617,630,635,642,647,660,665,670,679,684,689,702,707,712,725,730,743,748,753,758,763,768],{"type":586,"attrs":587,"content":588},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[589],{"text":590,"type":591},"Europe is set for a significant shortfall of homegrown anode and cathode supply this decade, as investment in new plants fails to keep pace with the region’s electric vehicle growth. ","text",{"type":586,"attrs":593,"content":594},{"textAlign":49},[595],{"text":596,"type":591},"The region is forecast to produce just 143 gigawatt-hours of cathodes and 42 GWh of anodes in 2031, compared to over one terawatt-hour of demand. This makes Europe’s deficit the worst of any major region tracked by Benchmark.",{"type":586,"attrs":598,"content":599},{"textAlign":49},[600,602,610],{"text":601,"type":591},"The shortfall could leave Europe reliant on ",{"text":603,"type":591,"marks":604},"Chinese supplies of key battery",[605],{"type":606,"attrs":607},"link",{"href":608,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":609},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-stronghold-grip-on-cathodes-set-to-near-90-by-2030","url",{"text":611,"type":591}," materials by the end of the decade, frustrating the ambitions of the European Union to build up a regional battery supply chain. ",{"type":586,"attrs":613,"content":614},{"textAlign":49},[615],{"text":616,"type":591},"This month, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen said that the EU would soon launch a Net Zero Industry Act to boost the manufacturing of clean energy technologies, focusing on “strategic projects along the entire supply chain.” ",{"type":586,"attrs":618,"content":619},{"textAlign":49},[620,622,628],{"text":621,"type":591},"Yet the EU is struggling with how best to stimulate the industry and compete with the ",{"text":623,"type":591,"marks":624},"US Inflation Reduction Act",[625],{"type":606,"attrs":626},{"href":627,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":609},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-does-the-us-inflation-reduction-act-mean-for-the-ev-battery-supply-chain",{"text":629,"type":591},", which offers generous subsidies to battery materials producers. ",{"type":586,"attrs":631,"content":632},{"textAlign":49},[633],{"text":634,"type":591},"“For one of the biggest EV markets, Europe is just so far behind the mark when it comes to producing these materials at scale,” Robert Burrell, an analyst at Benchmark, said. “Europe’s cathode and anode deficit is the largest of all regions we track.”",{"type":636,"attrs":637,"content":639},"heading",{"level":638,"textAlign":49},4,[640],{"text":641,"type":591},"Runaway demand",{"type":586,"attrs":643,"content":644},{"textAlign":49},[645],{"text":646,"type":591},"While Europe’s battery manufacturing capacity is developing quickly, many European cathode and anode projects are not expected to come online until the latter half of this decade, according to Benchmark. ",{"type":586,"attrs":648,"content":649},{"textAlign":49},[650,652,658],{"text":651,"type":591},"An extra 74 GWh of ",{"text":653,"type":591,"marks":654},"cathode production",[655],{"type":606,"attrs":656},{"href":657,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":609},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-to-expect-for-the-cathode-and-anode-markets-this-year",{"text":659,"type":591}," is expected to come online between 2022 and 2026, from a base of just under two GWh. And 13 GWh of anode production is expected to come online in the same timeframe, from zero production in 2022.",{"type":586,"attrs":661,"content":662},{"textAlign":49},[663],{"text":664,"type":591},"However, demand is expected to grow to almost 450 GWh by 2026.",{"type":586,"attrs":666,"content":667},{"textAlign":49},[668],{"text":669,"type":591},"European battery demand set to outstrip homegrown cathode and anode supply",{"type":586,"attrs":671,"content":672},{"textAlign":49},[673],{"type":674,"attrs":675},"image",{"id":49,"alt":676,"src":677,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":678},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/eccf597b7a/bm-european-battery-demand-set-to-outstrip-homegrown-cathode-and-anode-supply-13426344ecc4.png",{},{"type":586,"attrs":680,"content":681},{"textAlign":49},[682],{"text":683,"type":591},"For cathodes, the largest project in Europe’s pipeline is Umicore’s Nysa project in Poland. The first 10,000 tonnes of capacity began operations in 2022. The next 50,000 tonnes is under construction and due to begin operations this year. An extra 240,000 tonnes of capacity is in planning to come online in two stages in 2028 and 2029.",{"type":586,"attrs":685,"content":686},{"textAlign":49},[687],{"text":688,"type":591},"Umicore could produce 92 GWh worth of cathodes in 2031, according to Benchmark’s Cathode Forecast, however, this is dependent on their projects in the planning stages coming to full fruition.",{"type":586,"attrs":690,"content":691},{"textAlign":49},[692,694,700],{"text":693,"type":591},"The ",{"text":695,"type":591,"marks":696},"company formed a three billion euro joint venture",[697],{"type":606,"attrs":698},{"href":699,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":609},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-does-the-powerco-umicore-jv-mean-for-europes-cathode-outlook",{"text":701,"type":591}," with Volkswagen’s PowerCo in September, pledging to develop 160 GWh of production capacity by 2030.",{"type":636,"attrs":703,"content":704},{"level":638,"textAlign":49},[705],{"text":706,"type":591},"Policy problems",{"type":586,"attrs":708,"content":709},{"textAlign":49},[710],{"text":711,"type":591},"Europe remains at risk, however, of losing out on new investment to the US, where the Inflation Reduction Act heavily incentivises domestic and regional production, according to Burrell.",{"type":586,"attrs":713,"content":714},{"textAlign":49},[715,717,723],{"text":716,"type":591},"Redwood Materials, which is building a new battery materials campus in South Carolina, ",{"text":718,"type":591,"marks":719},"has cited the IRA as a key benefit for building domestic cathode production",[720],{"type":606,"attrs":721},{"href":722,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":609},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/redwood-to-supply-us-made-cathode-to-panasonic-as-bidens-ira-boosts-supply-chain",{"text":724,"type":591},". ",{"type":586,"attrs":726,"content":727},{"textAlign":49},[728],{"text":729,"type":591},"“With recent attention and investment shifting from Europe to North America as a result of the IRA, this situation is only getting worse,” Burrell said. “Intervention at some level will be needed to boost mid-stream production from Europe.”",{"type":586,"attrs":731,"content":732},{"textAlign":49},[733,735,741],{"text":734,"type":591},"Less than half of Europe’s planned 2031 cathode production is owned by European cathode producers. About a third is owned by ",{"text":736,"type":591,"marks":737},"South Korean",[738],{"type":606,"attrs":739},{"href":740,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":609},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-huayou-expands-to-south-korea-with-lg-cathode-stake",{"text":742,"type":591}," producers and almost 20% is from Chinese producers.",{"type":586,"attrs":744,"content":745},{"textAlign":49},[746],{"text":747,"type":591},"“One solution could be more Chinese investment, but that brings its own risks that the region will potentially want to move away from,” Burrell said.",{"type":636,"attrs":749,"content":750},{"level":638,"textAlign":49},[751],{"text":752,"type":591},"Lack of Tier One",{"type":586,"attrs":754,"content":755},{"textAlign":49},[756],{"text":757,"type":591},"Although most of the region’s cathode pipeline is from Tier One producers such as Umicore, the picture for the anode pipeline is less positive.",{"type":586,"attrs":759,"content":760},{"textAlign":49},[761],{"text":762,"type":591},"All of the forecast 2031 anode supply is from producers currently ranked as Tier Three, meaning none of the anode produced in the region is yet qualified for use in electric vehicles. ",{"type":586,"attrs":764,"content":765},{"textAlign":49},[766],{"text":767,"type":591},"The largest of these is the Talga Group’s 100,000 tonne per year natural graphite anode facility in Sweden, expected to come online in 2026. They have a non-binding offtake agreement with the Automotive Cells Company to supply anode material from its Vittangi facility in Sweden.",{"type":586,"attrs":769,"content":770},{"textAlign":49},[771],{"text":772,"type":591},"“The key will be established Tier One producers investing in large-scale projects in Europe, as new market entrants will not provide high-quality supply to meet demand,” Burrell said.","Europe is set for a significant shortfall of homegrown anode and cathode supply this decade, as investment in new plants fails to keep pace with the region’s electric vehicle growth. The region is forecast to produce just 143 gigawatt-hours of cathodes and 42 GWh of anodes in 2031, compared to over one terawatt-hour of demand. […]",[775],{"slug":574,"name":575,"content":776},{"job_title":577,"image":777,"bio":580,"linkedin":581},{"filename":579},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"c7949aae-4885-44cc-9eaa-857262e2b035\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[781,783,786],{"slug":782,"name":263},"anode",{"slug":784,"name":785},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":787,"name":299},"cathode","private",{"id":49,"alt":676,"name":676,"focus":676,"title":676,"source":676,"filename":790,"copyright":676,"fieldtype":791,"meta_data":792,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/773dbd8f03/bm-16973-operators-working-at-umicore-in-nysa-poland-highres-1.jpg","asset",{"alt":676,"title":676,"source":676,"copyright":676},"Jan 27, 2023","27th January 2023",[],[],1792688585182]