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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[528,529,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548],{"date":228,"value":522},{"date":257,"value":523},{"date":260,"value":531},99.19,{"date":471,"value":533},96.02,{"date":474,"value":535},98.23,{"date":477,"value":537},99.24,{"date":335,"value":539},101.29,{"date":345,"value":541},87.61,{"date":347,"value":543},92.44,{"date":350,"value":545},90.96,{"date":353,"value":547},92.24,{"date":356,"value":549},95.09,{"id":551,"uuid":552,"name":553,"slug":554,"full_slug":555,"content":556,"relatedArticles":767,"relatedVideos":768},112472166431799,"26c464c9-0363-4324-aeaa-d974d13790de","Everything we know about Tesla’s planned lithium refinery","everything-we-know-about-teslas-planned-lithium-refinery","article/everything-we-know-about-teslas-planned-lithium-refinery",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":566,"content":576,"excerpt":747,"featured":51,"reporter":748,"_editable":752,"component":753,"seo_title":553,"categories":754,"visibility":760,"author_company":49,"featured_image":761,"seo_description":747,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":765,"formattedArticleDate":766},"cc5bd5ab-07ab-4dd2-8ec0-9231ab254675","2022-11-29 00:00",[560,563],{"slug":561,"name":562},"tesla","Tesla",{"slug":564,"name":565},"usa","USA",[567],{"slug":568,"name":569,"content":570},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":571,"image":572,"bio":574,"linkedin":575},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":573},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":577,"content":578},"doc",[579,586,591,598,603,608,613,618,623,628,637,642,647,652,657,662,667,672,677,682,687,692,697,702,707,712,717,722,727,732,737,742],{"type":580,"attrs":581,"content":582},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[583],{"text":584,"type":585},"In 2020, Benchmark confirmed that Tesla will build a lithium hydroxide chemical plant in Texas in what was the first move by an automotive company into lithium chemical production.","text",{"type":580,"attrs":587,"content":588},{"textAlign":49},[589],{"text":590,"type":585},"Two years on, what more do we know about the electric vehicle maker’s ambitious plans to shore up its supply chain?",{"type":592,"attrs":593,"content":595},"heading",{"level":594,"textAlign":49},4,[596],{"text":597,"type":585},"Is it still happening?",{"type":580,"attrs":599,"content":600},{"textAlign":49},[601],{"text":602,"type":585},"Almost certainly.",{"type":580,"attrs":604,"content":605},{"textAlign":49},[606],{"text":607,"type":585},"In October, Tesla’s chief executive officer Elon Musk confirmed the facility was going ahead in the company’s third-quarter conference call with analysts.",{"type":580,"attrs":609,"content":610},{"textAlign":49},[611],{"text":612,"type":585},"Tesla is building cathode production at its Austin, Texas, gigafactory and is “also building a lithium refinery,” Musk said. ",{"type":580,"attrs":614,"content":615},{"textAlign":49},[616],{"text":617,"type":585},"The automaker is ramping up production of its own 4680 battery cell, with the aim of lowering battery costs by improving the manufacturing and processing steps. ",{"type":580,"attrs":619,"content":620},{"textAlign":49},[621],{"text":622,"type":585},"Musk said that Tesla was “moving as fast as possible” to achieve 1,000 GWh of battery capacity in the US that was “vertically integrated – anode, cathode, lithium refining.”",{"type":580,"attrs":624,"content":625},{"textAlign":49},[626],{"text":627,"type":585},"“Like many automakers, Tesla is trying to control battery costs, which are spiralling at the moment due to the cost of raw materials,” says Caspar Rawles, chief data officer at Benchmark. “Many automakers are trying to vertically integrate their supply chains, but Tesla is going one step further by looking to refine its own raw materials.”",{"type":580,"attrs":629,"content":630},{"textAlign":49},[631],{"type":632,"attrs":633},"image",{"id":49,"alt":634,"src":635,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":636},"","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GO3PYDl0EuYR0CQMWmGVLSkrIR5sLcrAsVBbFAXrJSlxl2a8o7NFdwH-o_uvVGS6VrP5yCW9WiiTCdaDYE84YDLzAtWdgP77U0_XlY-9q5bahFOMfBr6kHx-DGKeNcSlw45NWp8OEJRuTpRIyYrBEsQJeElq4VG0ADQtdz2x1PGMEHfLiK0Y9wVIwl9ZYw",{},{"type":592,"attrs":638,"content":639},{"level":594,"textAlign":49},[640],{"text":641,"type":585},"Where will the refinery be?",{"type":580,"attrs":643,"content":644},{"textAlign":49},[645],{"text":646,"type":585},"In September, Tesla applied for a property tax break for a site in Robstown, Nueces county, Texas, which is about 16 miles west of Corpus Christi. ",{"type":580,"attrs":648,"content":649},{"textAlign":49},[650],{"text":651,"type":585},"The application said Tesla would “process raw ore material into a usable state for battery production.” ",{"type":580,"attrs":653,"content":654},{"textAlign":49},[655],{"text":656,"type":585},"The lithium hydroxide would then be shipped by truck and rail to various Tesla battery manufacturing sites, it said. ",{"type":580,"attrs":658,"content":659},{"textAlign":49},[660],{"text":661,"type":585},"The site is under 20 miles from the Port of Corpus Christi. It is less than 200 miles from Tesla’s new headquarters in Austin.",{"type":592,"attrs":663,"content":664},{"level":594,"textAlign":49},[665],{"text":666,"type":585},"What stage is the project at?",{"type":580,"attrs":668,"content":669},{"textAlign":49},[670],{"text":671,"type":585},"The Robstown refinery is currently being reviewed by various local authorities for approval. A decision could be made as soon as 7 December, when Nueces County will consider approval of the agreement.",{"type":580,"attrs":673,"content":674},{"textAlign":49},[675],{"text":676,"type":585},"If the project is approved, construction of the $365 million project could start before the end of the year. Tesla said operations could begin in the fourth quarter of 2024. The facility will create 250 construction jobs and another 162 high-paying permanent jobs in the area, according to the tax filing.",{"type":580,"attrs":678,"content":679},{"textAlign":49},[680],{"text":681,"type":585},"On 10 November and 17 November respectively, Tesla shared job listings for an Area Construction Manager and Area Superintendent. The positions, undoubtedly for the project, will play “a critical role in construction of novel battery chemical plant(s) near Corpus Christi, TX.”",{"type":592,"attrs":683,"content":684},{"level":594,"textAlign":49},[685],{"text":686,"type":585},"What do we know about the refinery?",{"type":580,"attrs":688,"content":689},{"textAlign":49},[690],{"text":691,"type":585},"Benchmark understands the refining plant will turn spodumene concentrate into lithium hydroxide for use in Tesla’s battery cells. This process usually takes place in China using Australia-sourced spodumene.",{"type":580,"attrs":693,"content":694},{"textAlign":49},[695],{"text":696,"type":585},"According to the tax filing, Tesla will build “supporting infrastructure and lithium refining equipment.” ",{"type":580,"attrs":698,"content":699},{"textAlign":49},[700],{"text":701,"type":585},"Still, Tesla will need to secure supplies of spodumene to feed the refinery. Its deal with Australian producer Core Lithium fell apart in October, with no offtake signed between the companies. ",{"type":592,"attrs":703,"content":704},{"level":594,"textAlign":49},[705],{"text":706,"type":585},"Are any other automakers producing their own lithium?",{"type":580,"attrs":708,"content":709},{"textAlign":49},[710],{"text":711,"type":585},"Tesla would be the first automaker to build its own refinery, although Chinese electric vehicle makers have been attempting to secure access to upstream supplies for some time. ",{"type":580,"attrs":713,"content":714},{"textAlign":49},[715],{"text":716,"type":585},"China’s largest electric vehicle producer BYD this year bought a stake in Chengxin Lithium, while its also working with Qinghai Salt Lake Industry on a lithium carbonate plant. ",{"type":592,"attrs":718,"content":719},{"level":594,"textAlign":49},[720],{"text":721,"type":585},"Is the 2024 completion date realistic?",{"type":580,"attrs":723,"content":724},{"textAlign":49},[725],{"text":726,"type":585},"There’s still a long way to go before Tesla will start producing battery-grade lithium, however, according to Rawles.",{"type":580,"attrs":728,"content":729},{"textAlign":49},[730],{"text":731,"type":585},"“Two years would be a quick time frame for a company with experience, and refining is not a core competency for Tesla,” he said. ",{"type":580,"attrs":733,"content":734},{"textAlign":49},[735],{"text":736,"type":585},"In addition, there are only a limited number of manufacturers of the really specialised equipment needed to mine and refine lithium, he said. Lead times can be as long as four years at the moment because there just isn’t enough supply to meet booming demand. ",{"type":580,"attrs":738,"content":739},{"textAlign":49},[740],{"text":741,"type":585},"“Even if Tesla manages to build the refinery by the end of 2024, they might find they don’t have the equipment to bring it online,” he said. “It would be well into 2025 before they get stable products out, which is a long way off, considering they will want that lithium as soon as possible.”",{"type":580,"attrs":743,"content":744},{"textAlign":49},[745],{"text":746,"type":585},"Benchmark also understands that Tesla still intends to use a hydrometallurgical process to turn its spodumene concentrate into lithium hydroxide, eliminating the use of sulphuric acid. This process has not yet been built at commercial scale so will provide an additional hurdle for Tesla.","In 2020, Benchmark confirmed that Tesla will build a lithium hydroxide chemical plant in Texas in what was the first move by an automotive company into lithium chemical production. Two years on, what more do we know about the electric vehicle maker’s ambitious plans to shore up its supply chain? Is it still happening? Almost […]",[749],{"slug":568,"name":569,"content":750},{"job_title":571,"image":751,"bio":574,"linkedin":575},{"filename":573},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"cc5bd5ab-07ab-4dd2-8ec0-9231ab254675\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[755,758],{"slug":756,"name":757},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":759,"name":8},"lithium","private",{"id":49,"alt":634,"name":634,"focus":634,"title":634,"source":634,"filename":762,"copyright":634,"fieldtype":763,"meta_data":764,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/70c690335e/bm-tesla-photo.jpg","asset",{"alt":634,"title":634,"source":634,"copyright":634},"Nov 29, 2022","29th November 2022",[],[],1788535211684]