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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":725,"relatedVideos":726},112472171768889,"39458f9e-cc37-4754-9e2d-c5f8358287ce","Glencore and  the circular economy: Q&A with Kunal Sinha","glencore-and-the-circular-economy-qa-with-kunal-sinha","article/glencore-and-the-circular-economy-qa-with-kunal-sinha",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":556,"content":566,"excerpt":700,"featured":51,"reporter":701,"_editable":705,"component":706,"seo_title":543,"categories":707,"visibility":717,"author_company":49,"featured_image":718,"seo_description":700,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":723,"formattedArticleDate":724},"d2187945-80a9-4294-b220-6b9c08072a2b","2022-11-28 00:00",[550,553],{"slug":551,"name":552},"glencore","Glencore",{"slug":554,"name":555},"qa","Q&A",[557],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":560},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":561,"image":562,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":563},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":567,"content":568},"doc",[569,576,581,589,594,599,604,609,614,621,626,631,638,643,648,653,658,663,670,675,680,685,690,695],{"type":570,"attrs":571,"content":572},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[573],{"text":574,"type":575},"Glencore is one of the world’s largest mining companies, and the biggest producer of cobalt, a key battery metal. But the company has also been recycling metals for decades, and is expanding into battery recycling, signing recent deals with Li-Cycle in the US and Britishvolt in the UK. ","text",{"type":570,"attrs":577,"content":578},{"textAlign":49},[579],{"text":580,"type":575},"Benchmark Source spoke to Kunal Sinha, global head of recycling at Glencore to find out more. ",{"type":570,"attrs":582,"content":583},{"textAlign":49},[584],{"text":585,"type":575,"marks":586},"What is the advantage of a miner going into recycling rather than a pure recycling company?",[587],{"type":588},"italic",{"type":570,"attrs":590,"content":591},{"textAlign":49},[592],{"text":593,"type":575},"We are not a miner that is looking to go into recycling. We are a miner who is one of the longest standing recycler of some of these streams for 30-40 years. We are the largest e-waste and copper scrap recycler in North America and one of the largest recyclers of batteries in the world. So from that experience, we think that when you combine primary and recycled streams of material at scale, like hundreds of thousands of tonnes scale, that’s when you get the true advantages for both sides, the primary side and the recycling side. Our recycling business supports our ambition to be a net zero total emissions (scope 1,2,3) company by 2050.",{"type":570,"attrs":595,"content":596},{"textAlign":49},[597],{"text":598,"type":575},"If you look at just the recycled supply of input materials, (I’m intentionally not calling it scrap or waste because I think that connotation is not a good one going forward.) They are very unpredictable in terms of their quantity and quality. Because you’re collecting through several channels and you never know exactly what you will get each month. Second, the actual chemistry of what you get, whether we are talking of lithium ion batteries or e-waste or lead acid batteries, anything that you’re collecting, you have no idea and you can’t dictate it. ",{"type":570,"attrs":600,"content":601},{"textAlign":49},[602],{"text":603,"type":575},"So what happens is, if you’re a pure recycler your outputs are going to be dependent on what your input is, which means your output is going to be more variable. And any industry whether it’s the pCAM chain [precursor and cathode active materials ] for batteries or whether it is semiconductors or lead acid batteries – that industry eventually cannot accept this variability and that quality, so you have to expend probably a lot of capital to deal with it. When you combine the mining and recycling streams, as we are doing, together: you can take care of some of this variability. So if I have less copper or less nickel from the recycling stream I can always add more from primary. ",{"type":570,"attrs":605,"content":606},{"textAlign":49},[607],{"text":608,"type":575},"The converse is also true if you think about it: if people want to produce a particular precursor, let’s say NCM 811 going forward, they need high nickel, and low cobalt in their output. But if you look at the stock of batteries that have been put out for recycling, they are all from 10-20 years ago. Which means probably they are high cobalt chemistries. Hence the pure recycler will be short nickel but long cobalt and not able to produce 811 precursor. And then the same situation will repeat itself in 20 years as battery chemistries evolve. So somebody like us can take care of these imbalances by combining primary and recycling streams.",{"type":570,"attrs":610,"content":611},{"textAlign":49},[612],{"text":613,"type":575},"It’s about truly closing that loop. Closing the loop responsibly means going all the way from that primary production of that molecule at the very first instance of when you produce it, to making sure that no matter what life event happens to that molecule, in whatever form it is, it can be captured in proper channels and either repurposed or reused.",{"type":570,"attrs":615,"content":616},{"textAlign":49},[617],{"text":618,"type":575,"marks":619},"So do you think a lot of the pure recycling companies will struggle and there will be overcapacity?",[620],{"type":588},{"type":570,"attrs":622,"content":623},{"textAlign":49},[624],{"text":625,"type":575},"If anyone wants to go beyond shredding batteries and making black mass, to further refining into battery grade sulphates, and if they are solely reliant on recycled feed, it’s likely they will struggle.",{"type":570,"attrs":627,"content":628},{"textAlign":49},[629],{"text":630,"type":575},"If you go to the next step, you will start to interact with primary production in order to produce an end product that is marketable. So whether that becomes more partnerships, like we have with Li-Cycle, and a few others, or it’s just a relationship where you want to buy some primary raw materials to counter the deficit of those metals in your recycling fields. It has to happen. We can already see certain recyclers looking for it, which is logical. There’s nothing wrong with it.",{"type":570,"attrs":632,"content":633},{"textAlign":49},[634],{"text":635,"type":575,"marks":636},"In terms of your future strategy, will you be looking to partner more with recycling companies? What can we expect from Glencore going forward?",[637],{"type":588},{"type":570,"attrs":639,"content":640},{"textAlign":49},[641],{"text":642,"type":575},"Yes, we will look at more partnerships. We are currently working on some. What we are working on is what I would call a global battery circularity platform. And recycling is part of it. Second Life [for batteries] is part of it. Working with OEMs and gigafactories is part of it. We are already working with a lot of these counterparties from our primary business perspective as well as some of our recycling businesses. So really the role we see Glencore playing is to catalyse this sort of circularity platform. ",{"type":570,"attrs":644,"content":645},{"textAlign":49},[646],{"text":647,"type":575},"We are also looking at what you do after you have recovered these battery metals as salts – you have achieved metal recovery as a sulphate or a carbonate, but it’s not yet battery grade. Whether it’s nickel, cobalt, lithium, sulphate or carbonate or another chemical form, to actually get into a cathode plant it needs to go through further steps. In the case of nickel and cobalt, that would be precursor and in the case of lithium, that would be upgrading to battery grade hydroxide or carbonate. So we are exploring partnerships in that space too. And then the more you achieve localisation you achieve closing of the loop.",{"type":570,"attrs":649,"content":650},{"textAlign":49},[651],{"text":652,"type":575},"What we hear from OEMs now is that on top of recycled content, localization of supply chains, and a stellar ESG / carbon footprint, increasingly they also want traceability. Once we put all parts of this circularity platform together, you can then enable traceability. You certainly need traceability to unlock some of the IRA [Inflation Reduction Act] benefits.",{"type":570,"attrs":654,"content":655},{"textAlign":49},[656],{"text":657,"type":575},"Another thing to point out if you look at EVs and end-of-life of EVs. It’s a few years away, but we interact very heavily with the end of life of ICE [internal combustion engine] cars. We are talking to the key players and figuring out how we should interact with the end of life vehicles. The battery is only one part of it. ",{"type":570,"attrs":659,"content":660},{"textAlign":49},[661],{"text":662,"type":575},"I think we are a climate transition company. Mining is one part of achieving that. We are helping to enable the energy transition. From a Glencore perspective, our net zero plans include some very defined work streams, one of which is circular economy. We will always need more primary supply, but enabling the circular economy for many many sectors is also very important in terms of getting to responsible consumption, and hence net zero. So we are very keen on accelerating our circular economy business to a substantially different level. ",{"type":570,"attrs":664,"content":665},{"textAlign":49},[666],{"text":667,"type":575,"marks":668},"How does the Inflation Reduction Act impact the battery recycling business in the US?",[669],{"type":588},{"type":570,"attrs":671,"content":672},{"textAlign":49},[673],{"text":674,"type":575},"I think it’s a large game changer for recycling. I think the fact is, we are at a bit of a gridlock in terms of bringing more mining supply in America from a policy regulatory perspective. So you start to view recycling companies more as domestic sources of critical minerals. So I think that incentive structure is certainly helping accelerate and validate this business model. ",{"type":570,"attrs":676,"content":677},{"textAlign":49},[678],{"text":679,"type":575},"Countries need to start looking at scrap, any kind of scrap as resources.",{"type":570,"attrs":681,"content":682},{"textAlign":49},[683],{"text":684,"type":575},"The moment you call something waste it gets into a regulatory category that has a lot of paperwork, a lot of insurance and other requirements: it becomes ten times more complicated, more expensive and more difficult. ",{"type":570,"attrs":686,"content":687},{"textAlign":49},[688],{"text":689,"type":575},"I think the regulatory landscape has to make it easier for you to responsibly close the loop without sacrificing the controls that you very much need. I think there needs to be some rational thinking of what’s practical if you want to drive the circular economy. You need to make it easier to comply with these requirements for post consumer and post-manufacturing waste to get to places it needs to get to in order for it to be properly recycled",{"type":570,"attrs":691,"content":692},{"textAlign":49},[693],{"text":694,"type":575},"Most countries haven’t looked at their scrap as a natural resource. And so what ends up happening with any kind of scrap is it basically goes wherever is cheapest to ship it to, usually on the back haul of a container ship. ",{"type":570,"attrs":696,"content":697},{"textAlign":49},[698],{"text":699,"type":575},"So it’s logical for countries to say ‘wait a minute, these are resources that I’m short on. Why am I spending billions trying to localise the primary supply chain, and then letting the same raw materials, now in discarded products, leave the region to get recycled. Maybe I should, but certainly, I should figure out how I can recycle these things right here.","Glencore is one of the world’s largest mining companies, and the biggest producer of cobalt, a key battery metal. But the company has also been recycling metals for decades, and is expanding into battery recycling, signing recent deals with Li-Cycle in the US and Britishvolt in the UK. Benchmark Source spoke to Kunal Sinha, global […]",[702],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":703},{"job_title":561,"image":704,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},{"filename":563},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"d2187945-80a9-4294-b220-6b9c08072a2b\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[708,711,714],{"slug":709,"name":710},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":712,"name":713},"recycling","Recycling",{"slug":715,"name":716},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":719,"name":719,"focus":719,"title":719,"source":719,"filename":720,"copyright":719,"fieldtype":721,"meta_data":722,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/916ec1595f/bm-21-08-24-glencore-kunalsinha-0455.jpg","asset",{"alt":719,"title":719,"source":719,"copyright":719},"Nov 28, 2022","28th November 2022",[],[],1782922360336]