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much of the global battery supply chain is owned by Chinese companies?","how-much-of-the-global-battery-supply-chain-is-owned-by-chinese-companies","article/how-much-of-the-global-battery-supply-chain-is-owned-by-chinese-companies",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":566,"content":576,"excerpt":829,"featured":51,"reporter":830,"_editable":834,"component":835,"seo_title":553,"categories":836,"visibility":863,"author_company":49,"data_vis_image":864,"featured_image":867,"seo_description":829,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":870,"formattedArticleDate":871},"d4f33e09-6324-4b5b-8332-51bbe6aa6756","2024-08-22 00:00",[560,563],{"slug":561,"name":562},"china","China",{"slug":564,"name":565},"data-visualisation","Data Visualisation",[567],{"slug":568,"name":569,"content":570},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":571,"image":572,"bio":574,"linkedin":575},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":573},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":577,"content":578},"doc",[579,596,601,614,627,632,639,644,653,658,671,676,681,689,710,715,720,728,733,738,743,763,768,781,786,799,804,812],{"type":580,"attrs":581,"content":582},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[583,586,594],{"text":584,"type":585},"Western countries are increasingly looking to ","text",{"text":587,"type":585,"marks":588},"derisk their battery supply chains from China",[589],{"type":590,"attrs":591},"link",{"href":592,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/can-us-and-european-policy-tackle-chinas-ev-dominance","url",{"text":595,"type":585}," in a bid to boost domestic resilience.",{"type":580,"attrs":597,"content":598},{"textAlign":49},[599],{"text":600,"type":585},"However, Chinese companies have the most experience developing and ramping up projects across the battery value chain as well as access to cheaper capital and state subsidies. This technical know-how is required to support the build out of supply outside of China.",{"type":580,"attrs":602,"content":603},{"textAlign":49},[604,606,612],{"text":605,"type":585},"In May, US President Biden unveiled a raft of new tariffs imposed on goods imported from China including a 25% tariff on critical minerals and batteries and a ",{"text":607,"type":585,"marks":608},"100% tariff on electric vehicles",[609],{"type":590,"attrs":610},{"href":611,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/us-hikes-tariffs-to-further-isolate-china-from-its-ev-supply-chain-ambitions",{"text":613,"type":585},". These tariffs, however, only apply to material originating in China and not from companies with Chinese involvement outside of the country.",{"type":580,"attrs":615,"content":616},{"textAlign":49},[617,619,625],{"text":618,"type":585},"“China has a firm grip on the various critical mineral and battery supply chains, both in terms of manufacturing in China and corporate involvement around the world, and China has flexed its muscles before through export restrictions,” Bryan Bille, a policy analyst at Benchmark, said. “",{"text":620,"type":585,"marks":621},"Geopolitical actors like the EU",[622],{"type":590,"attrs":623},{"href":624,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/europes-anti-subsidy-probe-results-in-almost-50-tariffs-on-chinese-ev-imports",{"text":626,"type":585}," and the US are aiming to derisk from China through supply localisation and diversification.”",{"type":580,"attrs":628,"content":629},{"textAlign":49},[630],{"text":631,"type":585},"In this Benchmark Source analysis, we look at how far reaching China’s involvement is in the global battery supply chain and how this could allow Chinese companies to avoid tariffs on mineral imports.",{"type":633,"attrs":634,"content":636},"heading",{"level":635,"textAlign":49},4,[637],{"text":638,"type":585},"Chinese companies have stakes in much ex-China mined supply",{"type":580,"attrs":640,"content":641},{"textAlign":49},[642],{"text":643,"type":585},"With the exception of graphite, over 50% of the mined supply of critical minerals takes place outside of China. However, much of this supply comes from partly or fully owned Chinese companies.",{"type":580,"attrs":645,"content":646},{"textAlign":49},[647],{"type":648,"attrs":649},"image",{"id":49,"alt":650,"src":651,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":652},"Chinese companies are involved in significant proportions of critical mineral mining","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/e52aee1f1b/bm-china-donut-charts-v4-01.png",{},{"type":580,"attrs":654,"content":655},{"textAlign":49},[656],{"text":657,"type":585},"Nickel and manganese mining have the least direct involvement by Chinese companies with 74% and 76%, respectively, having no Chinese involvement.",{"type":580,"attrs":659,"content":660},{"textAlign":49},[661,663,669],{"text":662,"type":585},"For nickel, this mining predominantly ",{"text":664,"type":585,"marks":665},"takes place in Indonesia",[666],{"type":590,"attrs":667},{"href":668,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-chinas-influence-over-indonesian-nickel",{"text":670,"type":585},", which has banned the export of nickel ores from the country in order to capture the value from refining the ore.",{"type":633,"attrs":672,"content":673},{"level":635,"textAlign":49},[674],{"text":675,"type":585},"Most battery chemical production is located in China",{"type":580,"attrs":677,"content":678},{"textAlign":49},[679],{"text":680,"type":585},"Converting mined mineral supplies into chemicals suited to the battery industry is mostly dominated by production in China.",{"type":580,"attrs":682,"content":683},{"textAlign":49},[684],{"type":648,"attrs":685},{"id":49,"alt":686,"src":687,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":688},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/f976848694/bm-china-donut-charts-v4-03-13225111dabe.png",{},{"type":580,"attrs":690,"content":691},{"textAlign":49},[692,694,700,702,708],{"text":693,"type":585},"Although there is significant ",{"text":695,"type":585,"marks":696},"synthetic graphite production",[697],{"type":590,"attrs":698},{"href":699,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinese-synthetic-graphite-faces-25-tariff-in-us-as-exemption-ends",{"text":701,"type":585}," spread around the world, ",{"text":703,"type":585,"marks":704},"supply of material suitable for use in battery anodes",[705],{"type":590,"attrs":706},{"href":707,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/ex-china-coke-supply-lags-synthetic-graphite-buildout",{"text":709,"type":585}," is mostly located in China, with only 2% located outside of the country.",{"type":633,"attrs":711,"content":712},{"level":635,"textAlign":49},[713],{"text":714,"type":585},"Very little active material and cell production has no Chinese involvement",{"type":580,"attrs":716,"content":717},{"textAlign":49},[718],{"text":719,"type":585},"The production of cathode and anode material is mostly located in China, and the vast majority of the cathode material produced outside of China involves Chinese companies to some degree.",{"type":580,"attrs":721,"content":722},{"textAlign":49},[723],{"type":648,"attrs":724},{"id":49,"alt":725,"src":726,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":727},"The production of battery cells and components depends on Chinese companies","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/a0834f1f9d/bm-china-donut-charts-v4-02.png",{},{"type":580,"attrs":729,"content":730},{"textAlign":49},[731],{"text":732,"type":585},"The production of so much active material in China makes sense given the concentration of gigafactories in the country.",{"type":633,"attrs":734,"content":735},{"level":635,"textAlign":49},[736],{"text":737,"type":585},"Can tariffs be avoided?",{"type":580,"attrs":739,"content":740},{"textAlign":49},[741],{"text":742,"type":585},"Both the EU and US have enacted tariffs that aim to derisk their EV supply chains from China.",{"type":580,"attrs":744,"content":745},{"textAlign":49},[746,748,753,755,761],{"text":747,"type":585},"The US has made it clear that it hopes to entirely disconnect its supply chains from Chinese firms. In addition to the 100% tariffs on Chinese EVs, the US imposes a ",{"text":749,"type":585,"marks":750},"25% tariff",[751],{"type":590,"attrs":752},{"href":611,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},{"text":754,"type":585}," on ",{"text":756,"type":585,"marks":757},"many critical minerals",[758],{"type":590,"attrs":759},{"href":760,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/why-has-the-us-reinstated-tariffs-on-natural-graphite",{"text":762,"type":585}," from China.",{"type":580,"attrs":764,"content":765},{"textAlign":49},[766],{"text":767,"type":585},"It will struggle to derisk from China for almost all of the battery minerals. However, it might just be able to source enough lithium to meet its demand.",{"type":580,"attrs":769,"content":770},{"textAlign":49},[771,773,779],{"text":772,"type":585},"Although Chinese companies operating outside of China could skirt the US tariffs on critical minerals, such supply could still fall foul of Foreign Entity of Concern rules in the ",{"text":774,"type":585,"marks":775},"Inflation Reduction Act",[776],{"type":590,"attrs":777},{"href":778,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/search/tag/Inflation-Reduction-Act",{"text":780,"type":585},".",{"type":580,"attrs":782,"content":783},{"textAlign":49},[784],{"text":785,"type":585},"However, not all governments are so strongly against Chinese companies operating in their regions.",{"type":580,"attrs":787,"content":788},{"textAlign":49},[789,791,797],{"text":790,"type":585},"“Importantly, the ",{"text":792,"type":585,"marks":793},"EU",[794],{"type":590,"attrs":795},{"href":796,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/eu-forecast-to-fall-short-of-2030-crma-targets-without-ambitious-action",{"text":798,"type":585}," remains open to Chinese imports and investments in Europe,” Bille said. “The US is far more hostile towards Chinese investments in the US.”",{"type":633,"attrs":800,"content":801},{"level":635,"textAlign":49},[802],{"text":803,"type":585},"Join us at Benchmark Week 2024",{"type":580,"attrs":805,"content":806},{"textAlign":49},[807],{"text":808,"type":585,"marks":809},"Benchmark Week will return to Los Angeles on 12-14 November 2024, bringing global industry leaders, financiers and government officials together to chart a course for the technologies and supply chains central to the energy transition.",[810],{"type":811},"italic",{"type":580,"attrs":813,"content":814},{"textAlign":49},[815,819,826],{"text":816,"type":585,"marks":817},"Join us at Benchmark Week to forge connections, identify future partners and unlock market opportunities. ",[818],{"type":811},{"text":820,"type":585,"marks":821},"Purchase your tickets today",[822,825],{"type":590,"attrs":823},{"href":824,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":593},"https://benchmarkevents.benchmarkminerals.com/benchmarkweek2024",{"type":811},{"text":780,"type":585,"marks":827},[828],{"type":811},"Western countries are increasingly looking to derisk their battery supply chains from China in a bid to boost domestic resilience. However, Chinese companies have the most experience developing and ramping up projects across the battery value chain as well as access to cheaper capital and state subsidies. This technical know-how is required to support the […]",[831],{"slug":568,"name":569,"content":832},{"job_title":571,"image":833,"bio":574,"linkedin":575},{"filename":573},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"d4f33e09-6324-4b5b-8332-51bbe6aa6756\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[837,839,842,844,846,849,852,855,858,860],{"slug":838,"name":263},"anode",{"slug":840,"name":841},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":843,"name":299},"cathode",{"slug":845,"name":115},"cobalt",{"slug":847,"name":848},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":850,"name":851},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":853,"name":854},"gigafactories","Battery & Gigafactory",{"slug":856,"name":857},"graphite","Graphite",{"slug":859,"name":8},"lithium",{"slug":861,"name":862},"manganese","Manganese","private",{"id":49,"alt":650,"name":686,"focus":686,"title":650,"source":686,"filename":651,"copyright":686,"fieldtype":865,"meta_data":866,"is_external_url":51},"asset",{"alt":650,"title":650,"source":686,"copyright":686},{"id":49,"alt":686,"name":686,"focus":686,"title":686,"source":686,"filename":868,"copyright":686,"fieldtype":865,"meta_data":869,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/a09ec7a19b/bm-chinas-dominance-header-image-1.jpg",{"alt":686,"title":686,"source":686,"copyright":686},"Aug 22, 2024","22nd August 2024",[],[],1792773898146]