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Reduction Act to drive North American cobalt processing as US engages with DRC","inflation-reduction-act-to-drive-north-american-cobalt-processing-as-us-engages-with-drc","article/inflation-reduction-act-to-drive-north-american-cobalt-processing-as-us-engages-with-drc",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":572,"content":582,"excerpt":724,"featured":51,"reporter":725,"_editable":729,"component":730,"seo_title":553,"categories":731,"visibility":743,"author_company":49,"featured_image":744,"seo_description":724,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":749,"formattedArticleDate":750},"552fa1e5-afc9-45a7-813d-e71cd942cb56","2022-09-30 00:00",[560,563,566,569],{"slug":561,"name":562},"drc","DRC",{"slug":564,"name":565},"inflation-reduction-act","Inflation Reduction Act",{"slug":567,"name":568},"usa","USA",{"slug":570,"name":571},"policy","Policy",[573],{"slug":574,"name":575,"content":576},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":577,"image":578,"bio":580,"linkedin":581},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":579},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":583,"content":584},"doc",[585,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,629,634,639,644,649,654,659,664,669,674,679,684,689,694,699,704,709,714,719],{"type":586,"attrs":587,"content":588},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[589],{"text":590,"type":591},"North American cobalt refining is expected to gain pace following the passing of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) this summer, as the legislation spurs efforts to reduce Chinese dominance in the sector.","text",{"type":586,"attrs":593,"content":594},{"textAlign":49},[595],{"text":596,"type":591},"Last week the South Korean battery maker LG Energy Solution signed a three-year deal to secure battery grade cobalt from a Canadian refinery owned by Electra Battery Materials, the only cobalt sulphate plant in North America.",{"type":586,"attrs":598,"content":599},{"textAlign":49},[600],{"text":601,"type":591},"The IRA specifies that automakers need to secure a certain percentage of the value of the critical minerals in electric vehicle batteries from North America or countries with which the US has a free trade agreement to obtain half of the $7,500 electric vehicle purchase tax credit.",{"type":586,"attrs":603,"content":604},{"textAlign":49},[605],{"text":606,"type":591},"While the DRC is not a free trade agreement country, processing the metal in North America makes the critical material eligible for tax credits under the IRA, according to Greg Miller, an analyst at Benchmark.",{"type":586,"attrs":608,"content":609},{"textAlign":49},[610],{"text":611,"type":591},"The legislation says the minerals can either be “extracted or processed” in any country with which the US has a free trade agreement, or recycled in North America.",{"type":586,"attrs":613,"content":614},{"textAlign":49},[615],{"text":616,"type":591},"Currently, the Democratic Republic of Congo mines over 70% of the world’s cobalt feedstock, but two-thirds of that is processed in China.",{"type":586,"attrs":618,"content":619},{"textAlign":49},[620],{"text":621,"type":591},"“The midstream refining stage is where we’ll likely see the most activity in North America, particularly in the US,” Miller said.",{"type":623,"attrs":624,"content":626},"heading",{"level":625,"textAlign":49},3,[627],{"text":628,"type":591},"Canadian refining ",{"type":586,"attrs":630,"content":631},{"textAlign":49},[632],{"text":633,"type":591},"LGES, which is the world’s second largest EV battery maker after China’s CATL, said it  would secure 7,000 tonnes of battery grade cobalt from 2023 to 2025 from Electra’s cobalt sulphate refinery north of Toronto.",{"type":586,"attrs":635,"content":636},{"textAlign":49},[637],{"text":638,"type":591},"Electra, formerly known as First Cobalt, would supply 1,000 tonnes of cobalt contained in a cobalt sulphate product in 2023 and a further 3,000 tonnes in each of 2024 and 2025 under an agreed pricing mechanism.",{"type":586,"attrs":640,"content":641},{"textAlign":49},[642],{"text":643,"type":591},"The contract would see Electra produce enough cobalt to power up to 1.5 million electric vehicles.",{"type":586,"attrs":645,"content":646},{"textAlign":49},[647],{"text":648,"type":591},"“The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act underscores the importance of creating a domestic EV battery supply chain by extending a $7,500 tax credit for vehicles that do not contain critical minerals sourced from China and Russia,” Electra said.",{"type":586,"attrs":650,"content":651},{"textAlign":49},[652],{"text":653,"type":591},"Electra sources the cobalt feedstock from Glencore’s Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) mine in Kolwezi, DRC, as well as CMOC’s Tenke Fungurume mine which represent 90% of the projected capacity of the company’s refinery.",{"type":586,"attrs":655,"content":656},{"textAlign":49},[657],{"text":658,"type":591},"“Although it may be more expensive to refine in North America because of the cost of the labor, electricity and so on, once you factor in the IRA subsidy then the incentive price is likely much lower for the different minerals,” Benchmark’s Miller said.",{"type":623,"attrs":660,"content":661},{"level":625,"textAlign":49},[662],{"text":663,"type":591},"DRC re-engagement ",{"type":586,"attrs":665,"content":666},{"textAlign":49},[667],{"text":668,"type":591},"The Electra deal comes at the same time as Biden’s administration is stepping up its political engagement with the DRC, the world’s largest producer of cobalt, where a number of Chinese companies have invested in copper and cobalt projects over the past decade.",{"type":586,"attrs":670,"content":671},{"textAlign":49},[672],{"text":673,"type":591},"US Secretary of State Antony Blinken visited the DRC in August. The State Departement said it supports the DRC’s government’s decision to review mining contracts in the country, many of which are with Chinese companies.",{"type":586,"attrs":675,"content":676},{"textAlign":49},[677],{"text":678,"type":591},"Last week Blinken also met with representatives of mineral rich nations including Argentina, Brazil, the DRC, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zambia as part of the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) initiative that was announced in June.",{"type":586,"attrs":680,"content":681},{"textAlign":49},[682],{"text":683,"type":591},"“We aim to make sure that minerals-rich countries benefit from all stages of the value chain, from extraction to processing to recycling,” Blinken said.",{"type":586,"attrs":685,"content":686},{"textAlign":49},[687],{"text":688,"type":591},"“For some projects, it could mean that the United States or a partner country helps with reducing the risk of the project, including by providing a loan guarantee or debt financing,” he said.",{"type":586,"attrs":690,"content":691},{"textAlign":49},[692],{"text":693,"type":591},"Other MSP partner countries include Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the European Union.",{"type":623,"attrs":695,"content":696},{"level":625,"textAlign":49},[697],{"text":698,"type":591},"Cobalt Supply, Production And Demand",{"type":586,"attrs":700,"content":701},{"textAlign":49},[702],{"text":703,"type":591},"Growth in cobalt demand through the end of the decade will be almost entirely dominated by the battery sector, fuelled mostly by increased EV adoption, according to Benchmark.",{"type":586,"attrs":705,"content":706},{"textAlign":49},[707],{"text":708,"type":591},"Cobalt battery demand is expected to reach about 110,000 tonnes by the end of this year and jump to 248,000 tonnes by the end of 2030, according to Benchmark’s Q2 2022 Cobalt Forecast.",{"type":586,"attrs":710,"content":711},{"textAlign":49},[712],{"text":713,"type":591},"The share of nickel, cobalt and manganese (NCM) battery chemistries is expected to increase to 66% by the end of 2030 from 49% this year.",{"type":586,"attrs":715,"content":716},{"textAlign":49},[717],{"text":718,"type":591},"The DRC is set to remain the largest supplier this decade, according to Benchmark, and China the largest refiner.",{"type":586,"attrs":720,"content":721},{"textAlign":49},[722],{"text":723,"type":591},"Only 11,000 tonnes of refined cobalt will be produced annually in North America by 2030, less than 4.0% of forecasted refined cobalt globally, according to Benchmark’s Cobalt Forecast.","North American cobalt refining is expected to gain pace following the passing of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) this summer, as the legislation spurs efforts to reduce Chinese dominance in the sector. Last week the South Korean battery maker LG Energy Solution signed a three-year deal to secure battery grade cobalt from a Canadian refinery […]",[726],{"slug":574,"name":575,"content":727},{"job_title":577,"image":728,"bio":580,"linkedin":581},{"filename":579},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"552fa1e5-afc9-45a7-813d-e71cd942cb56\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[732,734,737,740],{"slug":733,"name":115},"cobalt",{"slug":735,"name":736},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":738,"name":739},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":741,"name":742},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":745,"name":745,"focus":745,"title":745,"source":745,"filename":746,"copyright":745,"fieldtype":747,"meta_data":748,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/098f227518/bm-etoile-mine-cobalt.jpg","asset",{"alt":745,"title":745,"source":745,"copyright":745},"Sep 30, 2022","30th September 2022",[],[],1792688587040]