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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":834,"relatedVideos":835},112469877863987,"d23f1ab3-0455-4204-8af3-d2a85331ce4e","Is Europe ambitious enough on recycling?","is-europe-ambitious-enough-on-recycling","article/is-europe-ambitious-enough-on-recycling",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":565,"content":575,"excerpt":812,"featured":51,"reporter":813,"_editable":817,"component":818,"seo_title":543,"categories":819,"visibility":826,"author_company":49,"featured_image":827,"seo_description":812,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":832,"formattedArticleDate":833},"762ecea5-d9d4-4be4-8d8d-8b659a5b4e08","2024-03-19 00:00",[550,553,556,559,562],{"slug":551,"name":552},"critical-raw-materials-act","Critical Raw Materials Act",{"slug":554,"name":555},"europe","Europe",{"slug":557,"name":558},"european-union","European Union",{"slug":560,"name":561},"giga-europe-2024","Giga Europe 2024",{"slug":563,"name":564},"policy","Policy",[566],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":569},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":570,"image":571,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":572},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":576,"content":577},"doc",[578,595,616,628,633,653,660,665,670,675,692,701,706,711,716,721,729,734,739,744,749,754,759,764,769,789,802,807],{"type":579,"attrs":580,"content":581},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[582,585,593],{"text":583,"type":584},"In recent years, the European Union has developed legislation to encourage the build out of domestic battery ","text",{"text":586,"type":584,"marks":587},"recycling capacity",[588],{"type":589,"attrs":590},"link",{"href":591,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/battery-recycling-pool-could-supplement-2040-lithium-supply-with-equivalent-to-30-mines","url",{"text":594,"type":584},".",{"type":579,"attrs":596,"content":597},{"textAlign":49},[598,600,606,608,614],{"text":599,"type":584},"The bloc is aiming for ",{"text":601,"type":584,"marks":602},"25% of its strategic raw material demand",[603],{"type":589,"attrs":604},{"href":605,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/eu-increases-critical-mineral-recycling-targets-in-bid-to-increase-self-reliance",{"text":607,"type":584}," to come from recycled sources by 2030, through non-binding targets in its Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA). It also released new ",{"text":609,"type":584,"marks":610},"battery regulations",[611],{"type":589,"attrs":612},{"href":613,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/can-the-eu-meet-its-proposed-battery-metals-recycling-targets",{"text":615,"type":584}," which mandate minimum levels of recycled content for lithium, nickel and cobalt in batteries sold within the EU.",{"type":579,"attrs":617,"content":618},{"textAlign":49},[619,621,627],{"text":620,"type":584},"At Benchmark’s Giga Europe conference in Stockholm last week, panellists during the recycling and circularity session debated whether these targets are enough to build out recycling capacity and how the regulations compare to the ",{"text":622,"type":584,"marks":623},"US’ incentive-led approach",[624],{"type":589,"attrs":625},{"href":626,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/us-miners-and-recyclers-could-lose-out-on-production-tax-credits-in-the-inflation-reduction-act",{"text":594,"type":584},{"type":579,"attrs":629,"content":630},{"textAlign":49},[631],{"text":632,"type":584},"“This gives a good ecosystem to develop and build up the business models and the ecosystem,” Daphne Peres, lead buyer of battery raw materials at the Volvo Group, told attendees at the event.",{"type":579,"attrs":634,"content":635},{"textAlign":49},[636,638,644,646,652],{"text":637,"type":584},"Indeed, since the CRMA recycling targets were announced, the ",{"text":639,"type":584,"marks":640},"battery recycling pipeline in Europe has been boosted 28%",[641],{"type":589,"attrs":642},{"href":643,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/crma-boosts-eus-2030-battery-recycling-pipeline-by-28",{"text":645,"type":584},", according to ",{"text":647,"type":584,"marks":648},"Benchmark’s Recycling Forecast",[649],{"type":589,"attrs":650},{"href":651,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/recycling/reports/",{"text":594,"type":584},{"type":654,"attrs":655,"content":657},"heading",{"level":656,"textAlign":49},4,[658],{"text":659,"type":584},"Is Europe ambitious enough?",{"type":579,"attrs":661,"content":662},{"textAlign":49},[663],{"text":664,"type":584},"By 2031, at least 6%, 6% and 12% of the lithium, nickel and cobalt in a battery sold within the European Union must come from recycled sources as per the Battery Regulations that were passed in 2023. These targets increase to 12%, 15%, and 26%, respectively in 2036.",{"type":579,"attrs":666,"content":667},{"textAlign":49},[668],{"text":669,"type":584},"There was general agreement amongst panellists that both the Battery Regulations and CRMA are good for Europe. However, there was debate as to whether the targets went far enough.",{"type":579,"attrs":671,"content":672},{"textAlign":49},[673],{"text":674,"type":584},"“I’m in the camp of not ambitious enough,” Richard Carlow, the co-founder and chief executive of recycling technology developer True 2 Materials, said. “Ultimately, I think that it’s a moving goalpost and as technologies come available that allow us to recycle more, they will adjust the targets.”",{"type":579,"attrs":676,"content":677},{"textAlign":49},[678,683,685,690],{"text":679,"type":584,"marks":680},"Benchmark’s analysis",[681],{"type":589,"attrs":682},{"href":613,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},{"text":684,"type":584}," of the policies show that ",{"text":686,"type":584,"marks":687},"both sets of targets",[688],{"type":589,"attrs":689},{"href":605,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},{"text":691,"type":584}," will be challenging to meet, especially for lithium, unless more capital is invested into the sector.",{"type":579,"attrs":693,"content":694},{"textAlign":49},[695],{"type":696,"attrs":697},"image",{"id":49,"alt":698,"src":699,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":700},"Recycling in the EU needs to be improved across the board to meet CRMA targets","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/dd6cc9d4e0/bm-recycling-crma.png",{},{"type":579,"attrs":702,"content":703},{"textAlign":49},[704],{"text":705,"type":584},"“I think those two regulations are giving the kick on recycling, pushing investment, and developing capacities, and it [also] makes it [a] priority on everybody’s agenda,” Peres said, in favour of the regulations. “We need to understand that the target is not recycling a battery per se. It’s really to have a minimum impact on the environment.”",{"type":654,"attrs":707,"content":708},{"level":656,"textAlign":49},[709],{"text":710,"type":584},"Black mass regulations",{"type":579,"attrs":712,"content":713},{"textAlign":49},[714],{"text":715,"type":584},"Currently the majority of battery recycling companies operating in Europe focus on the pre-treatment of waste batteries. Pre-treatment refers to the dismantling and shredding of waste batteries to produce the black mass which contains valuable battery minerals.",{"type":579,"attrs":717,"content":718},{"textAlign":49},[719],{"text":720,"type":584},"Of the 33 operating European recycling facilities tracked in Benchmark’s Recycling Forecast, almost three-fifths carry out only the pre-treatment step. Ecobat is one of the companies operating in Europe this way.",{"type":579,"attrs":722,"content":723},{"textAlign":49},[724],{"type":696,"attrs":725},{"id":49,"alt":726,"src":727,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":728},"Most of Europe's operating battery recycling facilities only pre-treat batteries","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/57b2041dd6/bm-europe-recycling-by-stage.png",{},{"type":579,"attrs":730,"content":731},{"textAlign":49},[732],{"text":733,"type":584},"But to meet the targets set out in the Battery Regulations and CRMA will require black mass processing capacity to be built out in Europe, otherwise the valuable materials contained in the black mass will be able to cross borders to other regions.",{"type":579,"attrs":735,"content":736},{"textAlign":49},[737],{"text":738,"type":584},"Classifying black mass as a hazardous waste can allow its cross-border movement to be restricted, meaning it must be processed in the region to extract its value. But Tom Schaefer, vice president of global business development, lithium at battery recycler Ecobat, warned that this is not necessarily all positive.",{"type":579,"attrs":740,"content":741},{"textAlign":49},[742],{"text":743,"type":584},"“We’ve seen some significant shifts in the interpretation of the waste codes to change how black mass is treated and handled and under what regulations black mass falls under,” he said. “When it becomes more restrictive, it increases the cost of the overall supply chain.”",{"type":579,"attrs":745,"content":746},{"textAlign":49},[747],{"text":748,"type":584},"He gave the counterexample of the US, which classifies black mass not as a waste but a product.",{"type":579,"attrs":750,"content":751},{"textAlign":49},[752],{"text":753,"type":584},"“That allows us significant flexibility and significant reduction in cost on our outbound shipments of material. Eventually that will have significant benefits as the overall ecosystem grows,” he said.",{"type":654,"attrs":755,"content":756},{"level":656,"textAlign":49},[757],{"text":758,"type":584},"Targets versus incentives",{"type":579,"attrs":760,"content":761},{"textAlign":49},[762],{"text":763,"type":584},"Umberto Cucchi, EV and Battery Lead at digital passport developer Circularise, said we should think about why the targets are being set.",{"type":579,"attrs":765,"content":766},{"textAlign":49},[767],{"text":768,"type":584},"“The question is, without this regulation, this target, would the whole value chain move toward this target on their own?” he asked. “I don’t think so.”",{"type":579,"attrs":770,"content":771},{"textAlign":49},[772,774,780,782,788],{"text":773,"type":584},"In contrast to the regulatory approach the EU is taking to increasing battery recycling, the ",{"text":775,"type":584,"marks":776},"US is aiming to move the dial",[777],{"type":589,"attrs":778},{"href":779,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/the-companies-shaping-the-north-american-lithium-ion-recycling-ecosystem",{"text":781,"type":584}," through incentives within the ",{"text":783,"type":584,"marks":784},"Inflation Reduction Act",[785],{"type":589,"attrs":786},{"href":787,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/carrots-and-sticks-how-europe-can-improve-its-battery-value-chain-funding",{"text":594,"type":584},{"type":579,"attrs":790,"content":791},{"textAlign":49},[792,794,800],{"text":793,"type":584},"“There’s certainly a ",{"text":795,"type":584,"marks":796},"higher recycling rate in Europe",[797],{"type":589,"attrs":798},{"href":799,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":592},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/north-american-recyclers-set-sights-on-european-market",{"text":801,"type":584}," driven primarily by regulation,” he said. “I would argue that the cost structure in the US is significantly lower because it’s an unregulated environment.”",{"type":579,"attrs":803,"content":804},{"textAlign":49},[805],{"text":806,"type":584},"It is too early to tell whether Europe’s regulatory approach will win out over the US’ incentivisation approach.",{"type":579,"attrs":808,"content":809},{"textAlign":49},[810],{"text":811,"type":584},"“I would just encourage everyone in the room who has any type of authority or any perspective on this to consider the total cost of manipulating the supply chain through either mechanism and ensuring that we’re maintaining a path forward to reducing the overall price of the pack,” Schaefer said.","In recent years, the European Union has developed legislation to encourage the build out of domestic battery recycling capacity. The bloc is aiming for 25% of its strategic raw material demand to come from recycled sources by 2030, through non-binding targets in its Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA). It also released new battery regulations which […]",[814],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":815},{"job_title":570,"image":816,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},{"filename":572},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"762ecea5-d9d4-4be4-8d8d-8b659a5b4e08\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[820,823],{"slug":821,"name":822},"recycling","Recycling",{"slug":824,"name":825},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":828,"name":828,"focus":828,"title":828,"source":828,"filename":829,"copyright":828,"fieldtype":830,"meta_data":831,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/6a21216f7a/bm-gigaeurope-recycling-panel-photo.jpg","asset",{"alt":828,"title":828,"source":828,"copyright":828},"Mar 19, 2024","19th March 2024",[],[],1783682673593]