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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":693,"relatedVideos":694},112474084946437,"9e1235a5-2351-454a-9832-fed231113526","New lithium ion battery supply chain data exposes manganese weaknesses","new-lithium-on-battery-supply-chain-data-exposes-manganese-weaknesses","article/new-lithium-on-battery-supply-chain-data-exposes-manganese-weaknesses",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":553,"content":563,"excerpt":673,"featured":50,"reporter":674,"_editable":678,"component":679,"seo_title":543,"categories":680,"visibility":685,"author_company":49,"featured_image":686,"seo_description":673,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":691,"formattedArticleDate":692},"3843b152-7344-4e87-8587-04a870190638","2020-04-15 00:00",[550],{"slug":551,"name":552},"manganese","Manganese",[554],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":557},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":558,"image":559,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":560},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":564,"content":565},"doc",[566,575,580,593,600,610,613,620,625,630,635,640,645,650,655,660,668],{"type":567,"attrs":568,"content":569},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[570,573],{"text":571,"type":572},"Benchmark Mineral Intelligence","text",{"text":574,"type":572}," has released its latest lithium ion battery to electric vehicle supply chain chart with new data that highlights the manganese weakness for the industry.",{"type":567,"attrs":576,"content":577},{"textAlign":49},[578],{"text":579,"type":572},"In 2019, we introduced a chart outlining the control that China exerted on the lithium ion battery to electric vehicle (EV) supply chain in a testimony to the US Senate in 2019.",{"type":567,"attrs":581,"content":582},{"textAlign":49},[583,591],{"text":584,"type":572,"marks":585},"This statement",[586],{"type":587,"attrs":588},"link",{"href":589,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":590},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/benchmarks-minerals-simon-moores-warns-senate-us-a-bystander-in-battery-raw-materials/","url",{"text":592,"type":572}," to the US Senate Committee for Natural Resources was the first time the market share break down of the entire supply chain, from mine to battery cell, was laid out in such start statistics.",{"type":567,"attrs":594,"content":595},{"textAlign":49},[596,598],{"text":597,"type":572},"Benchmark",{"text":599,"type":572},"‘s proprietary data showed the significant sway of industrial power that China holds in every step of the chain for key input materials of lithium, graphite, cobalt and nickel.",{"type":567,"attrs":601,"content":602},{"textAlign":49},[603,604,606,608],{"text":597,"type":572},{"text":605,"type":572}," has now updated this chart with the following:",{"text":607,"type":572},"\n• 2019 data for the full annual year",{"text":609,"type":572},"\n• Inclusion of manganese, a key input to NCM (nickel cobalt manganese) cathodes",{"type":567,"attrs":611,"content":612},{"textAlign":49},[],{"type":614,"attrs":615,"content":617},"heading",{"level":616,"textAlign":49},4,[618],{"text":619,"type":572},"Manganese imbalance worse than cobalt",{"type":567,"attrs":621,"content":622},{"textAlign":49},[623],{"text":624,"type":572},"Manganese has flown under the radar compared to its battery raw material peers, yet its distribution of production capacity across the battery supply chain is just as precarious as the highest risk raw materials of lithium and cobalt.",{"type":567,"attrs":626,"content":627},{"textAlign":49},[628],{"text":629,"type":572},"In 2019, manganese was not mined in any significant quantities in the main jurisdictions for cathode, battery cell or EV production.",{"type":567,"attrs":631,"content":632},{"textAlign":49},[633],{"text":634,"type":572},"In fact, North America produced zero tonnes of manganese and Europe fractional tonnes, via a small operation in Ukraine, yet is unsuitable for battery cells.",{"type":567,"attrs":636,"content":637},{"textAlign":49},[638],{"text":639,"type":572},"Meanwhile, China only produced 6% of global total output relying on primary producers such as South Africa, Australia and Gabon.",{"type":567,"attrs":641,"content":642},{"textAlign":49},[643],{"text":644,"type":572},"Those familiar with the supply chains for lithium, cobalt, graphite and nickel will understand that similar rules apply here: not all manganese can be used to produce the manganese sulphate monohydrate used in lithium ion battery cathodes.",{"type":567,"attrs":646,"content":647},{"textAlign":49},[648],{"text":649,"type":572},"And it is this manganese chemical refining step in the supply chain where China has the significant advantage with 93% of production in 2019.",{"type":567,"attrs":651,"content":652},{"textAlign":49},[653],{"text":654,"type":572},"To reiterate: China only produces 6% of mined manganese but chemically refines 93%.",{"type":567,"attrs":656,"content":657},{"textAlign":49},[658],{"text":659,"type":572},"This is is a larger imbalance than cobalt of which China similarly mines a fraction, 1% of global supply, but chemically refines 82%.",{"type":567,"attrs":661,"content":662},{"textAlign":49},[663,665,666],{"text":664,"type":572},"As ",{"text":597,"type":572},{"text":667,"type":572}," has always advised, you do not need to own the raw material sources to control the global flow of trade in the lithium ion battery supply chain.",{"type":567,"attrs":669,"content":670},{"textAlign":49},[671],{"text":672,"type":572},"It is these chemical links in the supply chain that both Europe and North America are sorely missing and could yet act as another road block to creating a 21st century EV ecosystem on their respective continents should the situation continue unchecked.","Benchmark Mineral Intelligence has released its latest lithium ion battery to electric vehicle supply chain chart with new data that highlights the manganese weakness for the industry. In 2019, we introduced a chart outlining the control that China exerted on the lithium ion battery to electric vehicle (EV) supply chain in a testimony to the […]",[675],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":676},{"job_title":558,"image":677,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},{"filename":560},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"3843b152-7344-4e87-8587-04a870190638\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[681,684],{"slug":682,"name":683},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":551,"name":552},"private",{"id":49,"alt":687,"name":687,"focus":687,"title":687,"source":687,"filename":688,"copyright":687,"fieldtype":689,"meta_data":690,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/e3627cdc89/bm-090417-mn-outcrop-1.jpg","asset",{"alt":687,"title":687,"source":687,"copyright":687},"Apr 15, 2020","15th April 2020",[],[],1781107361592]