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supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":564,"content":565},"doc",[566,583,588,601,606,613,625,630,635,646,651,656,669,674,679,700,705,714,719,724,729,742,747,760],{"type":567,"attrs":568,"content":569},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[570,573,581],{"text":571,"type":572},"There are now 401 gigafactories planned to be in operation by 2030, representing almost nine terawatt hours of annual production capacity, according to ","text",{"text":574,"type":572,"marks":575},"Benchmark",[576],{"type":577,"attrs":578},"link",{"href":579,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/market-assessments/gigafactory-assessment","url",{"text":582,"type":572},".",{"type":567,"attrs":584,"content":585},{"textAlign":49},[586],{"text":587,"type":572},"The 400th gigafactory to be added to the pipeline is Tata Group’s £4 billion ($5.2 billion), 40 gigawatt-hour UK-based facility due to begin production in 2026.",{"type":567,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":49},[591,593,599],{"text":592,"type":572},"While the pipeline highlights the acclerating growth of the global battery and electric vehicle industries, there are concerns of overcapacity, especially in China. The country, the world’s largest battery producer, has a large proportion of Tier 2 and ",{"text":594,"type":572,"marks":595},"Tier 3 cell producers",[596],{"type":577,"attrs":597},{"href":598,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinese-cell-oversupply-hits-tier-3-producers",{"text":600,"type":572}," currently unable to access Western EV markets. ",{"type":567,"attrs":602,"content":603},{"textAlign":49},[604],{"text":605,"type":572},"“Everyone knows the EV market will be huge in the future – it is a big cake, and everyone wants 50% of that cake, not just 1%,” Albert Li, an analyst at Benchmark, said. “So everyone is expanding, and the new companies want part of it, too.”",{"type":607,"attrs":608,"content":610},"heading",{"level":609,"textAlign":49},4,[611],{"text":612,"type":572},"Surplus in China, deficits outside",{"type":567,"attrs":614,"content":615},{"textAlign":49},[616,618,623],{"text":617,"type":572},"Two-thirds of the pipeline is based in China, which is currently set to have 6 TWh of capacity in 2030, according to ",{"text":619,"type":572,"marks":620},"Benchmark’s Gigafactory Assessment",[621],{"type":577,"attrs":622},{"href":579,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},{"text":624,"type":572},". There is growing concern that the country could face significant oversupply issues.",{"type":567,"attrs":626,"content":627},{"textAlign":49},[628],{"text":629,"type":572},"Although it is likely that a significant number of facilities in the pipeline won’t come to fruition, Benchmark still forecasts that China will produce 1.2 TWh more batteries than is needed to meet its domestic demand in 2030 – the only country to produce a surplus of cells.",{"type":567,"attrs":631,"content":632},{"textAlign":49},[633],{"text":634,"type":572},"Outside of China, all other regions are forecast to be in a deficit by the end of the decade.",{"type":567,"attrs":636,"content":637},{"textAlign":49},[638,644],{"text":639,"type":572,"marks":640},"North America and Europe",[641],{"type":577,"attrs":642},{"href":643,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/ira-supercharges-usas-gigafactory-capacity-pipeline-as-it-overtakes-europe-for-first-time",{"text":645,"type":572}," have 1.3 and 1.2 TWh of 2030 pipeline capacity, respectively and the rest of Asia has 0.3 TWh.",{"type":567,"attrs":647,"content":648},{"textAlign":49},[649],{"text":650,"type":572},"The combined deficit of all other countries in 2030 is forecast to be 1.1 TWh, suggesting that China has enough capacity to supply the rest of the world as well as its domestic demand.",{"type":607,"attrs":652,"content":653},{"level":609,"textAlign":49},[654],{"text":655,"type":572},"Quality concerns",{"type":567,"attrs":657,"content":658},{"textAlign":49},[659,661,667],{"text":660,"type":572},"Still, within China country, only 35% of the 2030 pipeline capacity is associated with a ",{"text":662,"type":572,"marks":663},"Tier 1 cell producer",[664],{"type":577,"attrs":665},{"href":666,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/shortage-of-top-tier-battery-supply-expected-this-decade",{"text":668,"type":572}," that can supply the automotive market outside of China.",{"type":567,"attrs":670,"content":671},{"textAlign":49},[672],{"text":673,"type":572},"Tier 2 producers who can supply the domestic EV market make up 45% of China’s pipeline capacity, with Tier 3 producers–those as yet unqualified to supply any EV market–comprising the remaining 20%.",{"type":567,"attrs":675,"content":676},{"textAlign":49},[677],{"text":678,"type":572},"Given that Tier 2 and Tier 3 cell producers can’t export their cells to international EV markets, the country is forecast to be very oversupplied for cells of these tiers unless the companies work through the qualification process to access non-Chinese markets.",{"type":567,"attrs":680,"content":681},{"textAlign":49},[682,684,690,692,698],{"text":683,"type":572},"Li suggests that some of these producers may be focusing on ",{"text":685,"type":572,"marks":686},"non-EV markets such as energy storage",[687],{"type":577,"attrs":688},{"href":689,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-lfp-dominance-could-constrain-us-energy-storage-deployment",{"text":691,"type":572},", which have lower qualification requirements and may be less competitive. He noted that the ",{"text":693,"type":572,"marks":694},"top ten cell producers",[695],{"type":577,"attrs":696},{"href":697,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/the-big-get-bigger-in-batteries-top-ten-producers-set-to-grow-output-400",{"text":699,"type":572}," dominate almost all of the EV market.",{"type":567,"attrs":701,"content":702},{"textAlign":49},[703],{"text":704,"type":572},"“Through fierce competition, cell producers will compete with better quality cells with lower cost,” Li said. “Those newcomers who just want to make quick money will be forced out of the market, the ones that will be left will be competitive.”",{"type":567,"attrs":706,"content":707},{"textAlign":49},[708],{"type":709,"attrs":710},"image",{"id":49,"alt":711,"src":712,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":713},"401 gigafactories in 2030 pipeline","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/1c1b816766/bm-401-giga-chart.png",{},{"type":607,"attrs":715,"content":716},{"level":609,"textAlign":49},[717],{"text":718,"type":572},"Lithium deficits ",{"type":567,"attrs":720,"content":721},{"textAlign":49},[722],{"text":723,"type":572},"In Benchmark’s view, lithium supply is the key constraining factor for building batteries.",{"type":567,"attrs":725,"content":726},{"textAlign":49},[727],{"text":728,"type":572},"Benchmark’s Lithium ion Battery Database and Lithium Forecast shows just 3.2 TWh of lithium ion batteries can be produced with the forecast lithium supplies in 2030.",{"type":567,"attrs":730,"content":731},{"textAlign":49},[732,734,740],{"text":733,"type":572},"If every gigafactory in the 2030 pipeline came online, then just ",{"text":735,"type":572,"marks":736},"36% of the capacity would be utilised",[737],{"type":577,"attrs":738},{"href":739,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/ambition-versus-reality-why-battery-production-capacity-does-not-equal-supply",{"text":741,"type":572}," unless significant investment is made upstream to build out lithium supplies.",{"type":567,"attrs":743,"content":744},{"textAlign":49},[745],{"text":746,"type":572},"“Lithium shortages will mean plants could be forced to operate at reduced utilisation levels,” Aran Waid, an analyst at Benchmark, said. “This will increase cost pressures if plants are forced to run at lower rates than targeted which could lead to postponement or cancellation of future capacity expansions.”",{"type":567,"attrs":748,"content":749},{"textAlign":49},[750,752,758],{"text":751,"type":572},"Benchmark forecasts that to produce the lithium needed to meet forecast demand in 2030 will require an additional $54 billion in investment. This could rise further to ",{"text":753,"type":572,"marks":754},"$116 billion",[755],{"type":577,"attrs":756},{"href":757,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/lithium-industry-needs-over-116-billion-to-meet-automaker-and-policy-targets-by-2030",{"text":759,"type":572}," if the ambitions of automakers and policymakers are to be met.",{"type":567,"attrs":761,"content":762},{"textAlign":49},[763,768,774],{"text":764,"type":572,"marks":765},"The data in this Benchmark Source article comes from the ",[766],{"type":767},"italic",{"text":769,"type":572,"marks":770},"Benchmark Gigafactory Assessment",[771,773],{"type":577,"attrs":772},{"href":579,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":580},{"type":767},{"text":582,"type":572,"marks":775},[776],{"type":767},"There are now 401 gigafactories planned to be in operation by 2030, representing almost nine terawatt hours of annual production capacity, according to Benchmark. The 400th gigafactory to be added to the pipeline is Tata Group’s £4 billion ($5.2 billion), 40 gigawatt-hour UK-based facility due to begin production in 2026. While the pipeline highlights the […]",[779],{"slug":555,"name":556,"content":780},{"job_title":558,"image":781,"bio":561,"linkedin":562},{"filename":560},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"e9731e3f-fa34-4499-a833-c63a6fe69b16\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[785,788,791,794],{"slug":786,"name":787},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":789,"name":790},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":792,"name":793},"gigafactories","Battery & Gigafactory",{"slug":795,"name":8},"lithium","private",{"id":49,"alt":798,"name":798,"focus":798,"title":798,"source":798,"filename":799,"copyright":798,"fieldtype":800,"meta_data":801,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/e5daebf3d4/bm-400th-gigafactory-bm-story-v2.jpg","asset",{"alt":798,"title":798,"source":798,"copyright":798},"Aug 18, 2023","18th August 2023",[],[],1783682678769]