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earth permanent magnet production advances outside of China","rare-earth-permanent-magnet-production-advances-outside-of-china","article/rare-earth-permanent-magnet-production-advances-outside-of-china",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":562,"content":572,"excerpt":741,"featured":51,"reporter":742,"_editable":746,"component":747,"seo_title":553,"categories":748,"visibility":756,"author_company":49,"featured_image":757,"seo_description":741,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":761,"formattedArticleDate":762},"349a5733-8adb-4c8d-a55b-4f26cd402947","2023-07-27 00:00",[560],{"slug":561,"name":420},"rare-earths",[563],{"slug":564,"name":565,"content":566},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":567,"image":568,"bio":570,"linkedin":571},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":569},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":573,"content":574},"doc",[575,582,587,596,601,606,611,626,633,638,643,648,653,658,663,668,673,678,683,688,693,698,703,716,721,726,731,736],{"type":576,"attrs":577,"content":578},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[579],{"text":580,"type":581},"Canadian-owned Neo Magnequench started construction of a rare earths permanent magnets (REPM) plant in Narva, Estonia earlier this month. The plant advances European Union ambitions to reduce dependence on imports from China, which currently provides 98% of the region’s supply. ","text",{"type":576,"attrs":583,"content":584},{"textAlign":49},[585],{"text":586,"type":581},"Permanent magnets made from rare earths are essential to the energy transition because their powerful magnetic fields increase the efficiency of electric vehicle and wind turbine motors. China’s dominance in REPM production makes Europe’s access to these components vulnerable to geopolitical tensions and logistical disruptions.",{"type":576,"attrs":588,"content":589},{"textAlign":49},[590],{"type":591,"attrs":592},"image",{"id":49,"alt":593,"src":594,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":595},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/8f2471dc24/bm-chart-screenshot-23.png",{},{"type":576,"attrs":597,"content":598},{"textAlign":49},[599],{"text":600,"type":581},"It’s one of a number of new plants being built in the West to reduce reliance on Chinese suppliers, which currently dominate prouction. In the US, at least three companies are building REPM manufacturing facilities. ",{"type":576,"attrs":602,"content":603},{"textAlign":49},[604],{"text":605,"type":581},"Neo, a subsidiary of Neo Performance Materials, said its Estonia plant will start production in 2025, producing enough REPM for around 1.5 million electric vehicles. This will rise to 5,000 tonnes a year in a second phase of construction, enough for around 4.5 million electric cars.",{"type":576,"attrs":607,"content":608},{"textAlign":49},[609],{"text":610,"type":581},"Yet the companies will also need to secure enough supplies of rare earth materials to feed the plants to completely reduce reliance on China, according to Benchmark analyst Neha Mukherjee. ",{"type":576,"attrs":612,"content":613},{"textAlign":49},[614,616,618],{"text":615,"type":581},"China is forecast to still produce 63% of the world’s supply of PrNd",{"text":617,"type":581},"feedstock for magnets by 2028, compared to 7% for the US and 19% for Australia, according to Benchmark’s ",{"text":619,"type":581,"marks":620},"Rare Earths Forecast.",[621],{"type":622,"attrs":623},"link",{"href":624,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":625},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/rare-earths/reports/","url",{"type":627,"attrs":628,"content":630},"heading",{"level":629,"textAlign":49},4,[631],{"text":632,"type":581},"Securing rare earths ",{"type":576,"attrs":634,"content":635},{"textAlign":49},[636],{"text":637,"type":581},"As well as REPM production, the EU wants to develop a full supply chain in rare earths that extends to mining. The EU’s proposed Critical Raw Materials Act released in March 2023 set a target that by 2030, 10% of the rare earths consumed in the region must be extracted there.  ",{"type":576,"attrs":639,"content":640},{"textAlign":49},[641],{"text":642,"type":581},"However, with only one European rare earths deposit currently being explored and given the time it takes to bring a mine to production, sourcing rare earth concentrates from existing ex-China producers looks the more realistic option. ",{"type":576,"attrs":644,"content":645},{"textAlign":49},[646],{"text":647,"type":581},"Neo currently sources its rare earth feedstock from Russia and the US. In future, it could obtain rare earth concentrates from Western Australia’s Yangibana rare earths mine thanks to a non-binding agreement signed in June 2023 with its developer, Hastings Technology Metals. ",{"type":576,"attrs":649,"content":650},{"textAlign":49},[651],{"text":652,"type":581},"Neo has also begun initial exploration at its Sarfartoq rare earths project in Greenland, aiming to conduct a preliminary economic assessment by 2023. ",{"type":576,"attrs":654,"content":655},{"textAlign":49},[656],{"text":657,"type":581},"Neo said its nearby rare earth separations plant in Sillamäe, Estonia will provide rare earth feedstock to the Narva plant “from the US and other sources.” ",{"type":627,"attrs":659,"content":660},{"level":629,"textAlign":49},[661],{"text":662,"type":581},"US magnet producers",{"type":576,"attrs":664,"content":665},{"textAlign":49},[666],{"text":667,"type":581},"In the US, magnet producers are also securing supplies of rare earths, or building integrated facilities. ",{"type":576,"attrs":669,"content":670},{"textAlign":49},[671],{"text":672,"type":581},"USA Rare Earths is currently recommissioning magnet manufacturing equipment that it acquired from Japanese producer Hitachi Metals, which had operated a North Carolina-based rare earth magnet manufacturing facility until 2015.",{"type":576,"attrs":674,"content":675},{"textAlign":49},[676],{"text":677,"type":581},"This forms part of USA Rare Earth’s $100 million project to build an integrated rare earths processing and magnet manufacturing plant in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The company is also conducting feasibility studies for its Round Top rare earths mine in Texas. ",{"type":576,"attrs":679,"content":680},{"textAlign":49},[681],{"text":682,"type":581},"Startup Noveon Magnetics is also producing magnets at a plant in San Marcos, Texas, with a planned initial capacity to produce 2,000 tonnes of sintered neodymium magnets a year. It plans to expand to more than 10,000 tonnes a year eventually, the company’s co-founder Peter Afiuny told Benchmark. ",{"type":576,"attrs":684,"content":685},{"textAlign":49},[686],{"text":687,"type":581},"“Our goal is to get to that over the next five years,” he said. ",{"type":576,"attrs":689,"content":690},{"textAlign":49},[691],{"text":692,"type":581},"Earlier this year, Noveon signed an agreement with Australian Strategic Materials for supplies of neodymium iron boron alloy from its South Korean plant. ",{"type":576,"attrs":694,"content":695},{"textAlign":49},[696],{"text":697,"type":581},"Unlike the EU, the US already mines rare earth concentrates. The largest project is MP Material’s Mountain Pass Mine in Southern California. The company aims to process all of its own concentrate material by 2024. ",{"type":576,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701],{"text":702,"type":581},"MP Materials is aiming for full vertical integration with a REPM plant under construction in Fort Worth, Texas. In 2021, it entered a long term supply agreement with General Motors to supply the automaker with rare earth materials, alloys, and finished magnets for Ultium battery platform.",{"type":576,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706,708,714],{"text":707,"type":581},"Without magnet production “you can have all the material in the world but you’re still sending it to China to make magnets,” James Litinsky, chief executive of MP Materials, told Benchmark’s Battery Gigafactories USA ",{"text":709,"type":581,"marks":710},"conference in June",[711],{"type":622,"attrs":712},{"href":713,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":625},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/video/watch/building-americas-rare-earth-magnet-supply-chain",{"text":715,"type":581},".",{"type":576,"attrs":717,"content":718},{"textAlign":49},[719],{"text":720,"type":581},"In January 2023, Vacuumschmelze also signed a binding deal with General Motors to set up a North American REPM plant for a range of GM EVs. It is expected to begin operating in 2025 and supply GM for a minimum of ten years. ",{"type":576,"attrs":722,"content":723},{"textAlign":49},[724],{"text":725,"type":581},"The US was the world’s biggest rare earths miner and producer from the 1960s to 2000 before the industry moved to China. Much of the ongoing REPM capacity building in the US is an attempt to revive an older rare earths industry in the country, giving the US a head-start on Europe in building a complete REPM supply chain. ",{"type":627,"attrs":727,"content":728},{"level":629,"textAlign":49},[729],{"text":730,"type":581},"Japan as second largest magnet producer",{"type":576,"attrs":732,"content":733},{"textAlign":49},[734],{"text":735,"type":581},"Japan is the world’s second biggest producer of REPMs after China. Hitachi Metals is a globally significant producer and holds patents for the process behind sintered NdFeB magnets from its acquisition of the originator company, Sumitomo. ",{"type":576,"attrs":737,"content":738},{"textAlign":49},[739],{"text":740,"type":581},"Hitachi, which rebranded in January 2023 under the name Proterial, has focused its R&D on ways of reducing demand for rare earths feedstock. It recently unveiled a prototype for an iron-based alternative to neodymium EV magnets and has been investing into rare earth recycling technology since at least 2010.","Canadian-owned Neo Magnequench started construction of a rare earths permanent magnets (REPM) plant in Narva, Estonia earlier this month. The plant advances European Union ambitions to reduce dependence on imports from China, which currently provides 98% of the region’s supply. Permanent magnets made from rare earths are essential to the energy transition because their powerful […]",[743],{"slug":564,"name":565,"content":744},{"job_title":567,"image":745,"bio":570,"linkedin":571},{"filename":569},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"349a5733-8adb-4c8d-a55b-4f26cd402947\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[749,752,755],{"slug":750,"name":751},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":753,"name":754},"new-energy","New Energy",{"slug":561,"name":420},"private",{"id":49,"alt":593,"name":593,"focus":593,"title":593,"source":593,"filename":758,"copyright":593,"fieldtype":759,"meta_data":760,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/4b1207761a/bm-neo-magnet-plant.jpg","asset",{"alt":593,"title":593,"source":593,"copyright":593},"Jul 27, 2023","27th July 2023",[],[],1792688581133]