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invasion risks raising costs for Europe’s auto industry","russian-invasion-risks-raising-costs-for-europes-auto-industry","article/russian-invasion-risks-raising-costs-for-europes-auto-industry",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":563,"content":573,"excerpt":718,"featured":50,"reporter":719,"_editable":723,"component":724,"seo_title":553,"categories":725,"visibility":736,"author_company":49,"featured_image":737,"seo_description":718,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":742,"formattedArticleDate":743},"3f55a55b-c7e3-47ec-9c8c-039326fcfd6f","2022-02-25 00:00",[560],{"slug":561,"name":562},"russia","Russia",[564],{"slug":565,"name":566,"content":567},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":568,"image":569,"bio":571,"linkedin":572},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":570},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":574,"content":575},"doc",[576,583,598,603,608,613,620,625,630,635,640,645,650,655,666,671,676,681,686,693,698,703,708,713],{"type":577,"attrs":578,"content":579},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[580],{"text":581,"type":582},"Russia’s invasion of Ukraine threatens to increase costs for Europe’s vehicle industry, which is already struggling with record high lithium prices and a shortage of semiconductor chips. ","text",{"type":577,"attrs":584,"content":585},{"textAlign":49},[586,588,596],{"text":587,"type":582},"Prices for ",{"text":589,"type":582,"marks":590},"nickel",[591],{"type":592,"attrs":593},"link",{"href":594,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/nickel-hits-seven-year-high-2021-in-review","url",{"text":597,"type":582},", a key battery material, rose to their highest levels since 2011 this week following President Vladimir Putin’s decision to send troops into Ukraine. Oil prices rose to a seven-year high above $100 a barrel, while palladium, used in catalytic converters, also hit a seven-month high.  ",{"type":577,"attrs":599,"content":600},{"textAlign":49},[601],{"text":602,"type":582},"While US, Japanese and European sanctions don’t target Russian commodities directly, the increased uncertainty over the conflict’s outcome is likely to push up global metal prices at a time when battery producers are already facing higher lithium and other material prices.",{"type":577,"attrs":604,"content":605},{"textAlign":49},[606],{"text":607,"type":582},"Nickel is a key ingredient for most European electric vehicle nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) batteries, while palladium is used in autocatalysts for petrol vehicles. ",{"type":577,"attrs":609,"content":610},{"textAlign":49},[611],{"text":612,"type":582},"In addition, higher oil and gas prices will impact the costs of production for the entire battery supply chain in Europe, which relies on Russian gas for around 40% of its supplies. ",{"type":614,"attrs":615,"content":617},"heading",{"level":616,"textAlign":49},4,[618],{"text":619,"type":582},"RUSSIA’S BATTERY PUSH",{"type":577,"attrs":621,"content":622},{"textAlign":49},[623],{"text":624,"type":582},"Russia’s largest miner Nornickel produces around 20% of the world’s supplies of high purity class 1 nickel, which is used in electric vehicle batteries. Its Harjavalta refinery in Finland is set to become a key supplier to the European battery supply chain, via its agreement with German cathode maker BASF. ",{"type":577,"attrs":626,"content":627},{"textAlign":49},[628],{"text":629,"type":582},"“As Europe is looking to build out a local supply chain, with locally sourced raw materials, this is a big headache for European automakers and cell producers,” Greg Miller, an analyst at Benchmark said. “Who will be forced to look further afield.”",{"type":577,"attrs":631,"content":632},{"textAlign":49},[633],{"text":634,"type":582},"Nornickel has portrayed its Harjavalta refinery as a key supplier of low-carbon nickel for the electric vehicle industry. The plant is increasing production from 65,000 tonnes of nickel to 75,000 tons in 2023, with an eventual target to reach 100,000 tonnes by the beginning of 2026.",{"type":577,"attrs":636,"content":637},{"textAlign":49},[638],{"text":639,"type":582},"BASF makes precursor cathode active materials in Harjavalta next to Nornickel’s refinery, and then cathode active materials in Schwarzheide, Germany. In 2018 BASF and Nornickel signed a “long-term, market-based supply agreement” for nickel and cobalt from Nornickel’s refinery. ",{"type":577,"attrs":641,"content":642},{"textAlign":49},[643],{"text":644,"type":582},"“Nornickel is an important producer and supplier of nickel and cobalt, which are used by BASF to produce cathode active materials. In addition, Nornickel has been supplying BASF for many years with palladium and platinum,” a spokesperson for BASF said.",{"type":577,"attrs":646,"content":647},{"textAlign":49},[648],{"text":649,"type":582},"Shares in Nornickel fell by 14% in Moscow this week as Russian troops entered the Ukraine. ",{"type":577,"attrs":651,"content":652},{"textAlign":49},[653],{"text":654,"type":582},"Nornickel’s nickel could always be redirected to China, Miller said, strengthening ties between the two countries. China has refused to condemn the invasion, while signalling its desire to help Russia. On Friday Beijing lifted all wheat import restrictions from Russia. ",{"type":577,"attrs":656,"content":657},{"textAlign":49},[658,664],{"text":659,"type":582,"marks":660},"Chinese nickel",[661],{"type":592,"attrs":662},{"href":663,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/indonesia-set-for-five-fold-increase-in-battery-nickel-supply",{"text":665,"type":582}," imports from Russia surged in 2015 and 2016 after sanctions were placed on Russia following its annexation of Crimea. ",{"type":577,"attrs":667,"content":668},{"textAlign":49},[669],{"text":670,"type":582},"“It brings China and Russia ever closer together,” Miller said. ",{"type":614,"attrs":672,"content":673},{"level":616,"textAlign":49},[674],{"text":675,"type":582},"RISING COSTS AT THE PUMP",{"type":577,"attrs":677,"content":678},{"textAlign":49},[679],{"text":680,"type":582},"The Russian invasion is also raising costs for petrol vehicles, which could further incentivise sales of electric vehicles. ",{"type":577,"attrs":682,"content":683},{"textAlign":49},[684],{"text":685,"type":582},"Russia is the second largest crude producer globally, after the US. Fears that sanctions on Russia would cripple this supply led to Brent crude reaching a 7-year high at over $105 a barrel on Thursday. ",{"type":577,"attrs":687,"content":688},{"textAlign":49},[689,691],{"text":690,"type":582},"The price has since dropped to just under $95 a barrel after sanctions by the US and Europe steered clear of Russia’s oil and gas. ",{"text":692,"type":582},"The price fall was also helped by president Biden confirming the US was working with other countries on releasing global strategic crude reserves.",{"type":577,"attrs":694,"content":695},{"textAlign":49},[696],{"text":697,"type":582},"Still, if there are any further sanctions or an escalation of the conflict, the oil price could reach $110 a barrel, according to Ahmed Mehdi, a consultant for Benchmark.",{"type":577,"attrs":699,"content":700},{"textAlign":49},[701],{"text":702,"type":582},"In the UK the rising oil prices are already being felt at the pump by consumers. The RAC and AA reported the average petrol price on Wednesday was 149.5p (compared with 122.5p this time last year), with an RAC spokesperson suggesting the price will go above 150p very soon.",{"type":577,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706],{"text":707,"type":582},"Russia also dominates the supply of palladium with around half of global mining capacity. Almost all of the precious metal is used as an autocatalyst in catalytic convertors. The price of the metal hit a 7-month high on Thursday, reaching $2692.96 an ounce.",{"type":577,"attrs":709,"content":710},{"textAlign":49},[711],{"text":712,"type":582},"Around 0.125 ounces of palladium is used in the average ICE car which would cost $337 at yesterday’s high, compared to $229 at the start of the year, according to analysts at Wells Fargo. ",{"type":577,"attrs":714,"content":715},{"textAlign":49},[716],{"text":717,"type":582},"“This is adding to the other mounting material and input cost pressures the industry is facing,” the bank said.","Russia’s invasion of Ukraine threatens to increase costs for Europe’s vehicle industry, which is already struggling with record high lithium prices and a shortage of semiconductor chips. Prices for nickel, a key battery material, rose to their highest levels since 2011 this week following President Vladimir Putin’s decision to send troops into Ukraine. Oil prices […]",[720],{"slug":565,"name":566,"content":721},{"job_title":568,"image":722,"bio":571,"linkedin":572},{"filename":570},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"3f55a55b-c7e3-47ec-9c8c-039326fcfd6f\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[726,729,732,735],{"slug":727,"name":728},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":730,"name":731},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":733,"name":734},"ev","EV",{"slug":589,"name":150},"private",{"id":49,"alt":738,"name":738,"focus":738,"title":738,"source":738,"filename":739,"copyright":738,"fieldtype":740,"meta_data":741,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/bf3023e82c/bm-norilsk.jpg","asset",{"alt":738,"title":738,"source":738,"copyright":738},"Feb 25, 2022","25th February 2022",[],[],1792773929462]