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and DRC agree deal in push to formalise artisanal cobalt mining","trafigura-and-drc-agree-deal-in-push-to-formalise-artisanal-cobalt-mining","article/trafigura-and-drc-agree-deal-in-push-to-formalise-artisanal-cobalt-mining",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":560,"content":570,"excerpt":697,"featured":50,"reporter":698,"_editable":702,"component":703,"seo_title":553,"categories":704,"visibility":710,"author_company":49,"featured_image":711,"seo_description":697,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":717,"formattedArticleDate":718},"47d19aba-ca81-4c47-b815-2222509c558c","2020-11-26 00:00",[],[561],{"slug":562,"name":563,"content":564},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":565,"image":566,"bio":568,"linkedin":569},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":567},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":571,"content":572},"doc",[573,580,585,590,595,600,605,610,615,622,627,632,637,642,647,652,657,662,667,672,677,682,687,692],{"type":574,"attrs":575,"content":576},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[577],{"text":578,"type":579},"Trafigura has signed a cobalt supply deal with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) state agency Entreprise Générale du Cobalt (EGC) to work towards reforming working conditions in the artisanal sector. Although full details of the arrangement are yet to be revealed, the move is a positive step towards formalisation of the artisanal sector.","text",{"type":574,"attrs":581,"content":582},{"textAlign":49},[583],{"text":584,"type":579},"Under the terms of the agreement, Trafigura will finance the establishment of six controlled artisanal mining zones and fund the installation of ore purchasing stations, covering costs related to the delivery of traceable cobalt hydroxide.",{"type":574,"attrs":586,"content":587},{"textAlign":49},[588],{"text":589,"type":579},"Production from these artisanal sites is expected to be traced using QR code technology and EGC will ensure that cobalt marketed by Trafigura complies with OECD due diligence guidelines, providing greater transparency for downstream customers.",{"type":574,"attrs":591,"content":592},{"textAlign":49},[593],{"text":594,"type":579},"Trafigura first piloted a controlled artisanal mining site in 2018 at the Mutoshi concession, in partnership with Chemaf. However, production has been halted since March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",{"type":574,"attrs":596,"content":597},{"textAlign":49},[598],{"text":599,"type":579},"While the precise format and mechanics of the new operations are yet to be confirmed, Trafigura’s enhanced involvement in the sector will help bring confidence to downstream consumers that artisanal cobalt has been mined in a sustainable manner, free from potential human rights abuses.",{"type":574,"attrs":601,"content":602},{"textAlign":49},[603],{"text":604,"type":579},"This also marks another effort from the DRC government to formalise the sector,but this time with the backing of an established cobalt market player.",{"type":574,"attrs":606,"content":607},{"textAlign":49},[608],{"text":609,"type":579},"In February this year the DRC government announced plans to grant the EGC monopoly powers to purchase of cobalt mined from artisanal sources in efforts to support formalisation but also to exert greater control over prices, something which caused concern in some parts of the supply chain.",{"type":574,"attrs":611,"content":612},{"textAlign":49},[613],{"text":614,"type":579},"However, few details were released as to how the material would be traced and whether independent companies could audit the process. The DRC would also be unlikely to be able to fund purchase the purchase of artisanal cobalt independently, hence the need to rely on external capital to support any structural changes to the sector.",{"type":616,"attrs":617,"content":619},"heading",{"level":618,"textAlign":49},4,[620],{"text":621,"type":579},"Downstream consumers’ DRC caution easing",{"type":574,"attrs":623,"content":624},{"textAlign":49},[625],{"text":626,"type":579},"As Benchmark has previously outlined, the changes required to rectify the issues in the DRC cobalt supply chain will not happen overnight, and that it requires not only a change in process but also attitude.",{"type":574,"attrs":628,"content":629},{"textAlign":49},[630],{"text":631,"type":579},"There would be no electric vehicle industry without DRC cobalt – which Benchmark’s Cobalt Forecast shows produced 74% of global supply in 2019. Auto OEMs may be able to source some of their cobalt from outside of the DRC, but DRC-sourced cobalt will continue to be pivotal for the electric vehicle industry as it ramps up production through the 2020s.",{"type":574,"attrs":633,"content":634},{"textAlign":49},[635],{"text":636,"type":579},"As such, there is a growing acceptance in the electric vehicle industry of the need to actively engage with artisanal mining sites in the DRC to help ensure the traceability of the cobalt coming from the region and improve both the working and economic conditions of local people.",{"type":574,"attrs":638,"content":639},{"textAlign":49},[640],{"text":641,"type":579},"Several key stakeholders, including Tesla and Glencore, have pledged to improve working conditions at artisanal sties by joining the recently formed Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA), a pact which aims to develop and implement a set of responsible mining practices at artisanal and small-scale mining sites in the DRC.",{"type":574,"attrs":643,"content":644},{"textAlign":49},[645],{"text":646,"type":579},"However, some automakers remain reluctant to source cobalt from artisanal mines. VW outlined that it does not currently accept cobalt from artisanal mines, while BMW has signed agreements to procure cobalt from non-DRC sources.",{"type":574,"attrs":648,"content":649},{"textAlign":49},[650],{"text":651,"type":579},"But formalisation of the sector could benefit both the artisanal miners and the auto OEMs with electric vehicle ambitions.",{"type":574,"attrs":653,"content":654},{"textAlign":49},[655],{"text":656,"type":579},"Through formalisation of the sector, the active involvement of multinational corporations would reduce the influence of unaccountable independent cooperatives in the market, who have largely been able to exploit artisanal miners for their own gain unchecked. As such, artisanal and small-scale workers would be more likely to receive a better price for the cobalt they mine; ultimately improving the economic conditions of workers on the ground.",{"type":574,"attrs":658,"content":659},{"textAlign":49},[660],{"text":661,"type":579},"From the perspective of the EV and battery industries, as they transition ever closer towards nickel-rich (NCM 811/NCA) cathode chemistries, enhanced scrutiny and accountability over the artisanal sector would help to mitigate some of the ESG risks associated with DRC sourcing for downstream consumers, thus dampening the desire to engineer cobalt out of the battery cathode.",{"type":616,"attrs":663,"content":664},{"level":618,"textAlign":49},[665],{"text":666,"type":579},"Artisanal cobalt’s role in the market",{"type":574,"attrs":668,"content":669},{"textAlign":49},[670],{"text":671,"type":579},"While significant attention is paid to the ethical implications of DRC cobalt and its artisanal mining sector, the majority of cobalt is procured from non-artisanal sources.",{"type":574,"attrs":673,"content":674},{"textAlign":49},[675],{"text":676,"type":579},"Benchmark estimates that over 90% of the DRC’s 2020 cobalt production will come from non-artisanal sources, and that artisanal cobalt from the DRC will represent less than 5% of the world’s supply.",{"type":574,"attrs":678,"content":679},{"textAlign":49},[680],{"text":681,"type":579},"This figure, however, fluctuates depending on the prevailing cobalt price. With Benchmark’s cobalt hydroxide prices (Benchmark’s Cobalt Hydroxide (100% Co contained basis), CIF Asia, USD/tonne) down 66% from their April 2018 peak, the share of production from artisanal sources has diminished in cobalt’s low-price environment, with the sector further impacted this year by the COVID-19 pandemic. But as the cobalt market tightens and prices rise, the share of production from artisanal sources would typically increase, acting as a ‘swing supply’ in the market.",{"type":574,"attrs":683,"content":684},{"textAlign":49},[685],{"text":686,"type":579},"However, increased scrutiny and tighter regulations of mining practices at artisanal sites is likely to limit the ability of artisanal cobalt to act as quickly to provide this ‘swing supply’ in times of market tightness – as traditionally has been the case – and may even fuel higher price levels as the market moves into structural deficit over the coming decade.",{"type":574,"attrs":688,"content":689},{"textAlign":49},[690],{"text":691,"type":579},"For now, there are questions as to how quickly the EGC and Trafigura will be able to expand and ramp up the programme ahead of cobalt price rises.",{"type":574,"attrs":693,"content":694},{"textAlign":49},[695],{"text":696,"type":579},"Further details on the structure of the Trafigura-EGC operations will provide greater clarity on how the future shape of the artisanal sector in the DRC will affect the structure of the market.","Trafigura has signed a cobalt supply deal with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) state agency Entreprise Générale du Cobalt (EGC) to work towards reforming working conditions in the artisanal sector. Although full details of the arrangement are yet to be revealed, the move is a positive step towards formalisation of the artisanal sector. Under […]",[699],{"slug":562,"name":563,"content":700},{"job_title":565,"image":701,"bio":568,"linkedin":569},{"filename":567},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"47d19aba-ca81-4c47-b815-2222509c558c\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[705,707],{"slug":706,"name":115},"cobalt",{"slug":708,"name":709},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals","private",{"id":49,"alt":712,"name":713,"focus":713,"title":712,"source":713,"filename":714,"copyright":713,"fieldtype":715,"meta_data":716,"is_external_url":51},"Conflict Minerals","","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/4f17f6246f/bm-congo1-e1606384303753.png","asset",{"alt":712,"title":712,"source":713,"copyright":713},"Nov 26, 2020","26th November 2020",[],[],1792773938163]