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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":786,"relatedVideos":787},112468018090203,"418b35bc-dd2f-4154-9ce0-58fcefd2aa39","Twenty-fold increase in US lithium chemical production forecast by 2035","twenty-fold-increase-in-us-lithium-chemical-production-forecast-by-2035","article/twenty-fold-increase-in-us-lithium-chemical-production-forecast-by-2035",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":568,"content":578,"excerpt":766,"featured":50,"reporter":767,"_editable":771,"component":772,"seo_title":543,"categories":773,"visibility":779,"author_company":49,"featured_image":780,"seo_description":766,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":784,"formattedArticleDate":785},"9e0ad58c-606c-4b86-aa3e-7e64f4a66790","2025-02-18 00:00",[550,553,556,559,562,565],{"slug":551,"name":552},"albemarle","Albemarle",{"slug":554,"name":555},"arcadium-lithium","Arcadium Lithium",{"slug":557,"name":558},"exxon","Exxon",{"slug":560,"name":561},"north-america","North America",{"slug":563,"name":564},"stardust-power-inc","Stardust Power Inc",{"slug":566,"name":567},"usa","USA",[569],{"slug":570,"name":571,"content":572},"didi-bostock","Didi Bostock",{"job_title":573,"image":574,"bio":576,"linkedin":577},"Editor - Energy Transition & Economics",{"filename":575},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/2c5ca5c1a3/didi-bostock.jpeg","Didi is the Energy Transition & Economics Editor at Benchmark, covering a broad range of markets across the energy transition. His remit spans from downstream sectors such as BESS and EVs, through to midstream such as new technologies and battery production, to upstream critical minerals mining. He also leads on financial analysis across these supply chains, alongside in-depth policy analysis.\n","https://www.linkedin.com/in/didi-bostock-656342198/",{"type":579,"content":580},"doc",[581,598,610,622,627,639,646,656,675,680,685,690,703,708,721,726,731,743,748],{"type":582,"attrs":583,"content":584},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[585,588,596],{"text":586,"type":587},"The US is set to see a twenty-fold increase in lithium chemical production between 2025 and 2035, according to ","text",{"text":589,"type":587,"marks":590},"Benchmark’s Lithium Forecast",[591],{"type":592,"attrs":593},"link",{"href":594,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/lithium/data-reports/forecast","url",{"text":597,"type":587},".",{"type":582,"attrs":599,"content":600},{"textAlign":49},[601,603,608],{"text":602,"type":587},"Albemarle and ",{"text":555,"type":587,"marks":604},[605],{"type":592,"attrs":606},{"href":607,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/rio-tinto-commits-to-buy-arcadium-lithium-for-6-7-billion?_branch_match_id=1544412332155837879&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=share&_branch_referrer=H4sIAAAAAAAAA8soKSkottLXT0rNS87ITSzKzs3MSy1KzCnWSywo0MvJzMvWNwvO9ozwyDd180%2ByrytKTUstKsrMS49PKsovL04tsnXOKMrPTQUAoy%2FCBEgAAAA%3D",{"text":609,"type":587}," are the only two companies operating lithium refineries in the US. However, there are more than 20 companies with plans to operate a lithium refinery in the country by 2035.",{"type":582,"attrs":611,"content":612},{"textAlign":49},[613,615,620],{"text":614,"type":587},"If all these plans were to come to fruition, the country’s total chemical supply could reach as high as 690,000 tonnes lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE), though ",{"text":616,"type":587,"marks":617},"Benchmark forecasts",[618],{"type":592,"attrs":619},{"href":594,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},{"text":621,"type":587}," this value will be more like 180,000 tonnes LCE taking into account the likelihood of projects coming online.",{"type":582,"attrs":623,"content":624},{"textAlign":49},[625],{"text":626,"type":587},"“Despite having lithium reserves, the US has traditionally lacked large-scale refining capacity, leading to a reliance on foreign processing,” said Federico Gay, a lithium analyst at Benchmark.",{"type":628,"attrs":629},"blok",{"id":630,"body":631},"09100fb9-590b-4a55-a653-cd1ffb89d3f5",[632],{"id":633,"_uid":634,"type":635,"_editable":636,"component":637,"fixed_height":638,"use_fixed_height":50,"fixed_height_mobile":638,"fixed_height_tablet":638},"21693411","i-e25d4332-411d-460f-89be-6bbba3d75881","visualisation","\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"ContentFlourish\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"i-e25d4332-411d-460f-89be-6bbba3d75881\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","ContentFlourish","",{"type":640,"attrs":641,"content":643},"heading",{"level":642,"textAlign":49},4,[644],{"text":645,"type":587},"Which are the largest projects in the US’ 2035 lithium chemicals pipeline?",{"type":582,"attrs":647,"content":648},{"textAlign":49},[649,651,655],{"text":650,"type":587},"If all plans known to Benchmark come to fruition, Exxon, Albemarle and Stardust Power could operate the three largest lithium chemical production assets in the US by 2035, according to ",{"text":589,"type":587,"marks":652},[653],{"type":592,"attrs":654},{"href":594,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},{"text":597,"type":587},{"type":582,"attrs":657,"content":658},{"textAlign":49},[659,665,667,673],{"text":660,"type":587,"marks":661},"Exxon’s Arkansas direct lithium extraction project",[662],{"type":592,"attrs":663},{"href":664,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/exxon-aiming-for-multiple-lithium-projects-this-decade?_branch_match_id=1544412327724220860&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=share&_branch_referrer=H4sIAAAAAAAAA8soKSkottLXT0rNS87ITSzKzs3MSy1KzCnWSywo0MvJzMvWLyvISvYsDzPMD0iyrytKTUstKsrMS49PKsovL04tsnXOKMrPTQUAF5T840gAAAA%3D",{"text":666,"type":587}," has a planned capacity of 100,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate and is due to come online in 2030. ",{"text":668,"type":587,"marks":669},"LG Chem intends to source lithium",[670],{"type":592,"attrs":671},{"href":672,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/lg-chems-tennessee-cathode-plant-to-source-us-lithium-from-exxons-dle-project?_branch_match_id=1544412314744562468&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=share&_branch_referrer=H4sIAAAAAAAAA8soKSkottLXT0rNS87ITSzKzs3MSy1KzCnWSywo0MvJzMvWDy0MNzaKCgsK8k%2ByrytKTUstKsrMS49PKsovL04tsnXOKMrPTQUANdiObUgAAAA%3D",{"text":674,"type":587}," for its Tennessee cathode plant from Exxon’s operation.",{"type":582,"attrs":676,"content":677},{"textAlign":49},[678],{"text":679,"type":587},"Albemarle’s Mega-Flex spodumene concentrate to lithium hydroxide plant in South Carolina is also set to come online in 2030 and has a production capacity of 100,000 tonne LCE.",{"type":582,"attrs":681,"content":682},{"textAlign":49},[683],{"text":684,"type":587},"Stardust Power’s Oklahoma facility set to produce lithium carbonate from lithium chloride has a total capacity of 50,000 tonnes LCE to be built in two phases. The company broke ground on the site earlier this year and recently entered a non-binding agreement with Japanese commodities trader Sumitomo.",{"type":640,"attrs":686,"content":687},{"level":642,"textAlign":49},[688],{"text":689,"type":587},"What are the challenges facing production in the US?",{"type":582,"attrs":691,"content":692},{"textAlign":49},[693,695,701],{"text":694,"type":587},"However, with these projects several years away from commercial production, ",{"text":696,"type":587,"marks":697},"major challenges",[698],{"type":592,"attrs":699},{"href":700,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/falling-lithium-prices-challenge-new-project-economics?_branch_match_id=1544412336879768871&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=share&_branch_referrer=H4sIAAAAAAAAA8soKSkottLXT0rNS87ITSzKzs3MSy1KzCnWSywo0MvJzMvWjyi1cEnPDTfPD0iyrytKTUstKsrMS49PKsovL04tsnXOKMrPTQUAfZsMSkgAAAA%3D",{"text":702,"type":587}," still need to be overcome for them to reach their intended potential.",{"type":582,"attrs":704,"content":705},{"textAlign":49},[706],{"text":707,"type":587},"US-based lithium chemical production will need to compete on cost with China and Argentina, both of which are able to produce low cost lithium carbonate.",{"type":582,"attrs":709,"content":710},{"textAlign":49},[711,713,719],{"text":712,"type":587},"Feedstock sourcing is another key factor. Exxon’s production relies on ",{"text":714,"type":587,"marks":715},"novel DLE technologies",[716],{"type":592,"attrs":717},{"href":718,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/rise-of-dle-will-open-up-new-sources-of-lithium-supply-this-decade?_branch_match_id=1544412344933356719&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=share&_branch_referrer=H4sIAAAAAAAAA8soKSkottLXT0rNS87ITSzKzs3MSy1KzCnWSywo0MvJzMvWNykrjsiLDEr38k%2ByrytKTUstKsrMS49PKsovL04tsnXOKMrPTQUARthgR0gAAAA%3D",{"text":720,"type":587}," whilst Albemarle is currently developing the Kings Mountain spodumene mine that will feed its facilities.",{"type":582,"attrs":722,"content":723},{"textAlign":49},[724],{"text":725,"type":587},"Stardust Power, although it plans to eventually operate brine facilities, does not currently control the supply of its feedstock and remains open to varying the feedstock in the short-term.",{"type":582,"attrs":727,"content":728},{"textAlign":49},[729],{"text":730,"type":587},"“While there is a lot of investment going into upstream, the lithium chloride market is developing,” Rohsan Pujari, the chief executive of Stardust Power, told Benchmark. “One of the things that we’ve discussed is the possibility of taking in technical grade lithium and refining it to battery grade while we build the entire train […] to get to revenue faster.”",{"type":582,"attrs":732,"content":733},{"textAlign":49},[734,736,742],{"text":735,"type":587},"Geopolitics, too, are increasingly important, with President Trump looking to dismantle parts of the Inflation Reduction Act and ",{"text":737,"type":587,"marks":738},"China restricting exports of lithium processing technologies",[739],{"type":592,"attrs":740},{"href":741,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/china-proposes-restrictions-on-lithium-and-cathode-technology-exports?_branch_match_id=1544412323223933929&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=share&_branch_referrer=H4sIAAAAAAAAA8soKSkottLXT0rNS87ITSzKzs3MSy1KzCnWSywo0MvJzMvWDzIz8KlIjMq1DEiyrytKTUstKsrMS49PKsovL04tsnXOKMrPTQUAROyygkgAAAA%3D",{"text":597,"type":587},{"type":582,"attrs":744,"content":745},{"textAlign":49},[746],{"text":747,"type":587},"“With growing trade restrictions between the US and China, the path to lithium independence is becoming even steeper,” Gay said. “And despite efforts to build a domestic lithium supply chain, the US remains reliant on China for midstream production.”",{"type":582,"attrs":749,"content":750},{"textAlign":49},[751,756,763],{"text":752,"type":587,"marks":753},"Watch Benchmark analysts discuss the potential impact of ",[754],{"type":755},"italic",{"text":757,"type":587,"marks":758},"China’s proposed restrictions",[759,762],{"type":592,"attrs":760},{"href":761,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/video/watch/whats-the-impact-of-chinas-proposed-export-controls-on-lithium-and-cathode-technologies",{"type":755},{"text":597,"type":587,"marks":764},[765],{"type":755},"The US is set to see a twenty-fold increase in lithium chemical production between 2025 and 2035, according to Benchmark’s Lithium Forecast. Albemarle and Arcadium Lithium are the only two companies operating lithium refineries in the US. However, there are more than 20 companies with plans to operate a lithium refinery in the country by […]",[768],{"slug":570,"name":571,"content":769},{"job_title":573,"image":770,"bio":576,"linkedin":577},{"filename":575},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"9e0ad58c-606c-4b86-aa3e-7e64f4a66790\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[774,777],{"slug":775,"name":776},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":778,"name":8},"lithium","private",{"id":49,"alt":638,"name":638,"focus":638,"title":638,"source":638,"filename":781,"copyright":638,"fieldtype":782,"meta_data":783,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/e87960bcac/bm-bessemer-city-main-plant.png","asset",{"alt":638,"title":638,"source":638,"copyright":638},"Feb 18, 2025","18th February 2025",[],[],1783682663423]