[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":985},["ShallowReactive",2],{"story-article/upstream-and-downstream-policy-push-europe-regional-spotlight":3,"ticker-data":450},{"id":4,"uuid":5,"name":6,"slug":7,"full_slug":8,"content":9,"relatedArticles":448,"relatedVideos":449},228452911028135,"4ab2b302-3480-429b-a26f-74299f0c55e6","Upstream and downstream policy push: Europe Regional Spotlight","upstream-and-downstream-policy-push-europe-regional-spotlight","article/upstream-and-downstream-policy-push-europe-regional-spotlight",{"_uid":10,"date":11,"tags":12,"editor":31,"content":41,"excerpt":371,"featured":372,"reporter":373,"component":383,"seo_title":6,"categories":384,"visibility":437,"data_vis_image":438,"featured_image":441,"seo_description":445,"side_panel_banner":145,"formattedDate":446,"formattedArticleDate":447},"070fae4a-eef6-4ebf-860a-90b8cb657bd3","2026-10-12 00:00",[13,16,19,22,25,28],{"slug":14,"name":15},"europe","Europe",{"slug":17,"name":18},"vw-group","VW Group",{"slug":20,"name":21},"ford","Ford",{"slug":23,"name":24},"geely","Geely",{"slug":26,"name":27},"european-union","European Union",{"slug":29,"name":30},"policy","Policy",[32],{"slug":33,"name":34,"content":35},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":36,"image":37,"bio":39,"linkedin":40},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":38},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":42,"attrs":43,"content":45},"doc",{"backgroundColor":44},null,[46,135,147,157,180,186,191,196,202,207,212,219,246,251,265,279,284,290,296,302,308,314,319,342,348,353],{"type":47,"attrs":48,"content":49},"paragraph",{"textAlign":44},[50,53,63,65,72,74,81,83,90,92,99,100,107,109,116,118,125,126,133],{"text":51,"type":52},"Compared with ","text",{"text":54,"type":52,"marks":55},"China",[56],{"type":57,"attrs":58},"link",{"href":59,"uuid":60,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/regional-spotlight-china","746036af-b9fc-4d0d-b721-56d0d1094635","_blank","story",{"text":64,"type":52}," and ",{"text":66,"type":52,"marks":67},"the US",[68],{"type":57,"attrs":69},{"href":70,"uuid":71,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/regional-spotlight-united-states","7a2ab405-0e9f-4cae-9566-0cda20e22de2",{"text":73,"type":52},", Europe’s upstream and downstream footprint in the global battery supply chain footprint is small. No ",{"text":75,"type":52,"marks":76},"major critical mineral",[77],{"type":57,"attrs":78},{"href":79,"uuid":80,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/lithium-price-reversal-gets-respite-then-deepens-q3-2026-lithium-price-review","9596343b-2e90-41a5-89c9-25abbca33488",{"text":82,"type":52}," used in the sector is mined or processed primarily on the continent,and the region is largely dependent on imports to meet its ",{"text":84,"type":52,"marks":85},"cathode",[86],{"type":57,"attrs":87},{"href":88,"uuid":89,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/phosphoric-acid-prices-included-in-cathode-price-negotiations-amidst-strained-sulphur-supply","0725cc94-eb6b-4f56-a637-a1f4f14404ba",{"text":91,"type":52},", ",{"text":93,"type":52,"marks":94},"anode",[95],{"type":57,"attrs":96},{"href":97,"uuid":98,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/feedstock-costs-rise-but-aam-prices-hold-firm-anode-and-graphite-q3-2026-price-review","de97d2ba-5af8-4efb-b17e-a6f58fd907bc",{"text":64,"type":52},{"text":101,"type":52,"marks":102},"cell",[103],{"type":57,"attrs":104},{"href":105,"uuid":106,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/india-s-battery-supply-growth-needs-to-accelerate-to-catch-up-with-demand","34c619d1-719c-4abb-a951-a4ce40728bd7",{"text":108,"type":52}," demands, too. However, a package of policies under the EU’s ",{"text":110,"type":52,"marks":111},"Industrial Accelerator Act (IAA)",[112],{"type":57,"attrs":113},{"href":114,"uuid":115,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/industrial-accelerator-act-adds-made-in-eu-requirements-for-automakers","f241906f-ea0d-4bcf-84e5-4ca9c212a23f",{"text":117,"type":52}," is looking to boost its manufacturing presence in the industry, required if Europe is to meet more of its own demand for ",{"text":119,"type":52,"marks":120},"electric vehicles (EVs)",[121],{"type":57,"attrs":122},{"href":123,"uuid":124,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/global-ev-sales-reach-1-8-million-units-in-august-2026","59cab769-05c6-4a1f-9ed4-c27e460c7bf2",{"text":64,"type":52},{"text":127,"type":52,"marks":128},"battery energy stationary storage (BESS)",[129],{"type":57,"attrs":130},{"href":131,"uuid":132,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/who-shipped-the-most-bess-cells-and-systems-in-h1-2026-","91fceeac-163a-4b78-9205-287f460c9c05",{"text":134,"type":52},", both of which are anticipated to grow significantly through to 2040.",{"type":136,"attrs":137},"blok",{"id":138,"body":139},"e26d2271-229a-41ed-a459-7bc43fb1b8c6",[140],{"id":141,"_uid":142,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30489689","i-5f9b7b1f-2dc5-4e13-9334-3e5b14fcecf8","visualisation","ContentFlourish","",false,{"type":148,"attrs":149,"content":151},"heading",{"level":150,"textAlign":44},2,[152],{"text":153,"type":52,"marks":154},"Industrial Accelerator Act",[155],{"type":156},"bold",{"type":47,"attrs":158,"content":159},{"textAlign":44},[160,162,169,171,178],{"text":161,"type":52},"The IAA is core to the ",{"text":163,"type":52,"marks":164},"EU’s direction",[165],{"type":57,"attrs":166},{"href":167,"uuid":168,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/eu-electrification-action-plan-targets-46-electrification-by-2040-and-bess-buildout","8a8d2332-ede8-4bee-8fc2-54a47c7e6967",{"text":170,"type":52}," on EV and BESS development ",{"text":172,"type":52,"marks":173},"in the coming decade",[174],{"type":57,"attrs":175},{"href":176,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":177},"https://intelligence.benchmarkminerals.com/publications/briefings/geo-economic-and-policy-briefings/geo-economic-and-policy-briefing-edition-8","url",{"text":179,"type":52},". It includes local content requirements, called ‘Union-origin requirements’, that EVs and BESS receiving public support must meet, as shown in the table below. These requirements vary by vehicle type.",{"type":136,"attrs":181},{"id":138,"body":182},[183],{"id":184,"_uid":185,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30342569","i-ec82e9c0-140f-4a6f-b3a6-d2442045298f",{"type":47,"attrs":187,"content":188},{"textAlign":44},[189],{"text":190,"type":52},"For EV batteries, at least three ‘main specific components’ must be of Union origin, including battery cells as a minimum. Other components recognised in this requirement include modules, packs, cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, separators, current collectors, battery management systems (BMS), and/or battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Precursor cathode active material (pCAM) and active anode material (AAM) are not included, however. After three years, this requirement increases to five main components.",{"type":47,"attrs":192,"content":193},{"textAlign":44},[194],{"text":195,"type":52},"A significant European CAM supply gap is anticipated in the next few years in Europe, where Benchmark anticipates a shortfall of more than 500kt by 2029.",{"type":136,"attrs":197},{"id":138,"body":198},[199],{"id":200,"_uid":201,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30455892","i-dc2f0cb9-ad7f-48b2-a967-97a41c817d7b",{"type":47,"attrs":203,"content":204},{"textAlign":44},[205],{"text":206,"type":52},"Investment is also affected by the measures. Foreign direct investment (FDI) into the EU. FDI exceeding EUR 100 million from countries with at least 40% market share in battery raw materials extraction, processing or recycling, as well as EV, BESS or battery technology, would require official clearance. Chinese investment is therefore most affected.",{"type":47,"attrs":208,"content":209},{"textAlign":44},[210],{"text":211,"type":52},"Investors would need to meet at least four of six conditions: technology and intellectual property transfer agreements with EU entities; a workforce that is at least 50% local; foreign ownership capped at 49%; a joint venture with EU partners; investment equivalent to 1% of turnover in EU research and development; and sourcing 30% of components from the EU.",{"type":148,"attrs":213,"content":214},{"level":150,"textAlign":44},[215],{"text":216,"type":52,"marks":217},"Upstream and critical raw materials policy action",[218],{"type":156},{"type":47,"attrs":220,"content":221},{"textAlign":44},[222,224,231,233,239,241],{"text":223,"type":52},"Lithium and nickel are the only materials on track to meet the 10% domestic mining target under the bloc’s ",{"text":225,"type":52,"marks":226},"Critical Raw Materials Act",[227],{"type":57,"attrs":228},{"href":229,"uuid":230,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/how-is-europe-progressing-on-its-crma-targets-","664d77ea-f0d7-424b-bc00-0482409644fd",{"text":232,"type":52}," in 2026",{"text":234,"type":52,"marks":235},". EU domestic processing of all battery materials is expected to fall below the 40% target to meet EU battery demand. ",[236],{"type":237,"attrs":238},"textStyle",{"color":145},{"text":240,"type":52},"Similarly, all battery materials are expected to ",{"text":242,"type":52,"marks":243},"fall short of the 25% recycling target.",[244],{"type":237,"attrs":245},{"color":145},{"type":47,"attrs":247,"content":248},{"textAlign":44},[249],{"text":250,"type":52},"The EU’s RESource EU Action Plan aims to reduce the bloc’s dependence on outside supply in the battery, rare earths and defence critical raw materials (CRM) supply chains by “up to 50% by 2029”.",{"type":47,"attrs":252,"content":253},{"textAlign":44},[254,256,263],{"text":255,"type":52},"The plan is mobilising almost EUR 3 billion to facilitate the development of greater European-controlled supply through an EU CRM Financing Hub. The European Commission has projected that the provisions of the plan will cut dependency on a single third country for lithium supply from 89% in 2025 to 64% in 2030, cobalt from 63% to 44%, and graphite from 41% to 25%. It also anticipates significant falls in dependency for rare earths, where it is ",{"text":257,"type":52,"marks":258},"currently highly dependent on single third countries",[259],{"type":57,"attrs":260},{"href":261,"uuid":262,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/g7-and-eu-weigh-price-floors-to-counter-chinas-rare-earth-dominance","11e973d6-ffb1-46ee-a14c-5f9062486cee",{"text":264,"type":52},".",{"type":47,"attrs":266,"content":267},{"textAlign":44},[268,270,277],{"text":269,"type":52},"The plan also aims to establish a Critical Raw Materials Centre as an intelligence, finance, project steering, stockpiling and joint purchasing body for the bloc. It is expected to begin strategic stockpiling test programmes in several EU member states. The broader plan is expected to enter force in 2028 once there has been agreement between the European Parliament and Council. On 9 October, the EU announced 46 new ‘",{"text":271,"type":52,"marks":272},"Strategic Projects",[273],{"type":57,"attrs":274},{"href":275,"uuid":276,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/eu-strategic-projects-could-help-progress-on-crma-goals","d9455e37-4678-4f4f-a0bf-63f788af84d7",{"text":278,"type":52},"’ across 16 member states that will receive support to secure funding and faster permitting.",{"type":47,"attrs":280,"content":281},{"textAlign":44},[282],{"text":283,"type":52},"“Despite these goals and EU projections,” said Benchmark lead policy and geopolitical analyst Bryan Bille, “we still see supply deficits emerging around 2030 and beyond. The EU will need to invest more to build greater regional supply than is currently planned and source more from partner countries to meet its expected demand.”",{"type":148,"attrs":285,"content":287},{"level":286,"textAlign":44},1,[288],{"text":289,"type":52},"In charts",{"type":136,"attrs":291},{"id":138,"body":292},[293],{"id":294,"_uid":295,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30498960","i-ff1aa0fa-668f-47be-9829-72f106e29012",{"type":136,"attrs":297},{"id":138,"body":298},[299],{"id":300,"_uid":301,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30414250","i-2e75461a-7491-47f1-a808-e12d3ec2cf60",{"type":136,"attrs":303},{"id":138,"body":304},[305],{"id":306,"_uid":307,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30499529","i-b424d472-df69-4a05-9958-54f8501dbba6",{"type":136,"attrs":309},{"id":138,"body":310},[311],{"id":312,"_uid":313,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30455055","i-4e5aa69c-e412-42c3-8b6a-be7ef5e7ef2f",{"type":148,"attrs":315,"content":316},{"level":286,"textAlign":44},[317],{"text":318,"type":52},"In Focus: European EV manufacturing and China",{"type":47,"attrs":320,"content":321},{"textAlign":44},[322,324,331,333,340],{"text":323,"type":52},"The EU’s travails in ",{"text":325,"type":52,"marks":326},"meeting the challenge of rival Chinese production",[327],{"type":57,"attrs":328},{"href":329,"uuid":330,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/uk-considering-alignment-with-eu-over-tariff-on-chinese-evs","816e75f2-c15c-406c-a22c-db9f56f035ac",{"text":332,"type":52}," across the battery supply chain are perhaps at their most clear in the relationships between European (particularly German) OEMs and those in China. As legislation in the EU has sought to accelerate electrification and reduce emissions, China’s EV ",{"text":334,"type":52,"marks":335},"exports to Europe have accelerated",[336],{"type":57,"attrs":337},{"href":338,"uuid":339,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":62},"/article/eu-looking-to-close-loophole-for-chinese-phevs","dc2efce4-9ae2-4449-81a6-8b1ac6c79d80",{"text":341,"type":52},". The EU has responded by asking China to voluntarily curb its plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV) exports to the bloc. China has in turn said that it has reached an “understanding” with the EU, with more detail yet to follow.",{"type":136,"attrs":343},{"id":138,"body":344},[345],{"id":346,"_uid":347,"type":143,"component":144,"fixed_height":145,"use_fixed_height":146,"fixed_height_mobile":145,"fixed_height_tablet":145},"30487834","i-6d3993da-83db-4261-8809-95fe6c855598",{"type":47,"attrs":349,"content":350},{"textAlign":44},[351],{"text":352,"type":52},"European-headquartered OEMs have struggled to meet the challenge of lower-priced Chinese vehicles. Some Western OEMs have partnered with Chinese vehicle manufacturers to make use of EV production overcapacity in Europe; in July, Geely announced it would be utilising Ford’s plant in Valencia, Spain to produce two of its own SUVs as well as a jointly developed vehicle with Ford. Benchmark senior EV analyst George Whitcombe said then that the step was “likely influenced by the introduction of EU tariffs on BEVs made in China, with the EV sales mix of Geely’s Chinese brands heavily favouring BEVs”. VW Group’s decision to cut its model lineup in half to cut costs, closing a number of European plants, is a reflection both of the challenge from Chinese OEMs and longer-term trends including the dip in European vehicle demand since the Covid-19 pandemic. The company has also signed an agreement with Gotion to strengthen cooperation on building out additional LFP battery manufacturing capacity in Europe.",{"type":47,"attrs":354,"content":355},{"textAlign":44},[356,361,368],{"text":357,"type":52,"marks":358},"Benchmark's flagship annual event, Benchmark Week, will be taking place in Shanghai, China from 10-11th November. ",[359],{"type":360},"italic",{"text":362,"type":52,"marks":363},"You can register for the event and learn more here",[364,367],{"type":57,"attrs":365},{"href":366,"uuid":44,"anchor":44,"target":61,"linktype":177},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/events/benchmark-week",{"type":360},{"text":264,"type":52,"marks":369},[370],{"type":360},"Compared with China and the US, Europe’s upstream and downstream footprint in the global battery supply chain footprint is small. No major critical mineral used in the sector is mined or processed primarily on the continent, nor are cathode, anode or cell development and installation centred on the continent. However, a package of policies under the EU’s Industrial Accelerator Act (IAA) is looking to boost its manufacturing presence in the industry, required if Europe is to meet more of its own demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and battery energy stationary storage (BESS), both of which are anticipated to grow significantly through to 2040.",true,[374],{"slug":375,"name":376,"content":377},"benjamin-roche","Benjamin Roche",{"job_title":378,"image":379,"bio":381,"linkedin":382},"Editor – Energy Transition Supply Chains",{"filename":380},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/800x800/66d6674fb8/benjamin-roche.png","Benjamin is Benchmark's Editor for Energy Transition Supply Chains, covering both upstream products like critical minerals and downstream products including energy storage systems and electric vehicles. He has previous experience covering trade flows, tariffs and the effects of geopolitics on supply chains.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminrochecontent/","article",[385,387,390,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434],{"slug":93,"name":386},"Anode",{"slug":388,"name":389},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":84,"name":391},"Cathode",{"slug":393,"name":394},"cobalt","Cobalt",{"slug":396,"name":397},"copper","Copper",{"slug":399,"name":400},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":402,"name":403},"ess","ESS",{"slug":405,"name":406},"ev","EV",{"slug":408,"name":409},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":411,"name":412},"gigafactories","Battery & Gigafactory",{"slug":414,"name":415},"graphite","Graphite",{"slug":417,"name":418},"lithium","Lithium",{"slug":420,"name":421},"manganese","Manganese",{"slug":423,"name":424},"natural-graphite","Natural Graphite",{"slug":426,"name":427},"nickel","Nickel",{"slug":429,"name":430},"rare-earths","Rare Earths",{"slug":432,"name":433},"raw-materials","Raw Materials",{"slug":435,"name":436},"synthetic-graphite","Synthetic Graphite","private",{"id":44,"alt":44,"name":145,"focus":44,"title":44,"source":44,"filename":145,"copyright":44,"fieldtype":439,"meta_data":440},"asset",{},{"id":442,"alt":145,"name":145,"focus":145,"title":145,"source":145,"filename":443,"copyright":145,"fieldtype":439,"meta_data":444,"is_external_url":146},129067466943219,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/bf619b8374/bm-europe.jpg",{},"Compared with China and the US, Europe’s upstream and downstream footprint in the global battery supply chain footprint is comparatively small. No major critical mineral used in the sector is mined or processed primarily on the content.","Oct 12, 2026","12th October 2026",[],[],[451,495,525,555,591,627,669,701,735,772,814,854,895,925,955],{"publishedDate":452,"updateFrequency":453,"updateFrequencyText":454,"label":418,"today":455,"last":456,"percentageChange":457,"yearToDate":458,"yearOnYear":459,"oneYearIndexTrend":460,"url":494,"subscription":44,"isProtected":146,"hasAccess":372},"2026-09-30","2wk","Updated every 2 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