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lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery energy storage (BESS cells) is forecast to outstrip supply from North American producers until 2028, according to Benchmark’s BESS Service. That failure to meet demand comes despite the imposition by the US of ","text",{"text":577,"type":575,"marks":578},"tariffs aimed at stimulating domestic production",[579],{"type":580,"attrs":581},"link",{"href":582,"uuid":583,"anchor":49,"target":584,"linktype":585},"/article/us-to-increase-tariffs-on-chinese-anode-producers-to-205-","ee4cc049-cf29-4401-bf04-2a1cd938de91","_blank","story",{"text":587,"type":575}," – and imports have continued as a result.",{"type":570,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":49},[591,593,600],{"text":592,"type":575},"Total North American production, including Canadian output and US production with Chinese involvement, is not anticipated to meet US demand until 2028 despite an improvement in domestic US supply of LFP BESS cells in 2025. By 2029, however, the US is forecast to meet ",{"text":594,"type":575,"marks":595},"its own BESS demand",[596],{"type":580,"attrs":597},{"href":598,"uuid":599,"anchor":49,"target":584,"linktype":585},"/article/battery-manufacturers-ramp-up-cell-size-to-meet-growing-bess-capacity-demands","8a3561ee-39d5-443e-abf1-4148319e3650",{"text":601,"type":575}," without the need for supply with Chinese involvement or supply from Canada.",{"type":603,"attrs":604},"blok",{"id":605,"body":606},"403cfaec-5441-4b45-90b4-5dfba906cccb",[607],{"id":608,"_uid":609,"type":610,"component":611,"fixed_height":565,"use_fixed_height":50,"fixed_height_mobile":565,"fixed_height_tablet":565},"27804260","i-69d0cf11-f042-4e5b-b5f9-8681d2ace5fe","visualisation","ContentFlourish",{"type":613,"attrs":614,"content":616},"heading",{"level":615,"textAlign":49},2,[617],{"text":618,"type":575,"marks":619},"Import dips do not mean domestic supply is ready",[620],{"type":621},"bold",{"type":570,"attrs":623,"content":624},{"textAlign":49},[625],{"text":626,"type":575},"There were two major dips in US imports of Chinese battery cells last year, these do not yet reflect a successful replacement of supply by US manufacturers. Imports dropped to their lowest levels since April 2022, hitting ~$0.5bn in both June and September 2025.",{"type":570,"attrs":628,"content":629},{"textAlign":49},[630,632,639],{"text":631,"type":575},"The first of these falls came after the imposition of a total 156% tariff on the imports by the Trump administration, rather than reflecting sudden surges in US supply. ",{"text":633,"type":575,"marks":634},"Détente in the trade war",[635],{"type":580,"attrs":636},{"href":637,"uuid":638,"anchor":49,"target":584,"linktype":585},"/article/china-and-us-agree-to-cut-tariffs-offering-the-us-battery-industry-some-respite","95297446-8816-4a48-b4e3-abba49776a09",{"text":640,"type":575}," between the US and China brought the US tariff rate down to 41%, with a spike in imports following soon after.",{"type":570,"attrs":642,"content":643},{"textAlign":49},[644],{"text":645,"type":575},"Imports saw some recovery towards the end of 2025 as a result of safe harbouring as well as anticipation of a January 2026 tariff increase. ",{"type":603,"attrs":647},{"id":605,"body":648},[649],{"id":650,"_uid":651,"type":585,"component":611,"fixed_height":565,"use_fixed_height":50,"fixed_height_mobile":565,"fixed_height_tablet":565},"3596364","i-60e6cf5a-d147-4302-a831-e2391b3eb5b4",{"type":613,"attrs":653,"content":654},{"level":615,"textAlign":49},[655],{"text":656,"type":575,"marks":657},"The broader effect of tariffs on the BESS industry",[658],{"type":621},{"type":570,"attrs":660,"content":661},{"textAlign":49},[662],{"text":663,"type":575},"Fluctuating tariff rates add to uncertainty for domestic US BESS projects. The combination of still-tight domestic supply and tariff-inflated prices for Chinese cells puts upward pressure on project costs.",{"type":570,"attrs":665,"content":666},{"textAlign":49},[667,669],{"text":668,"type":575},"The 20 February Supreme Court judgement and following changes to the US tariff regime mean the tariff rate on cells has dropped by 10%, coming down to a rate of 38.4%. However, the new tariffs introduced in response to the judgement under Section 122 can only be in place for 150 days, giving time for tariffs from other mechanisms to increase, for instance under Section 301. ",{"text":670,"type":575,"marks":671},"These tariffs will have no material impact on the push to build a domestic supply chain further, as the greater push is ultimately linked to the 48E investment tax credit.",[672],{"type":580,"attrs":673},{"href":674,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":584,"linktype":675},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/us-treasury-and-irs-release-interim-pfe-guidance-for-45x-and-48e-tax-credit-eligibility","url","US demand for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery energy storage (BESS cells) is forecast to outstrip supply from North American producers until 2028, according to Benchmark’s BESS Service. That failure to meet demand comes despite the imposition by the US of tariffs aimed at stimulating domestic production – and imports have continued as a result.",[],"article","US BESS cell demand above North American production until 2028",[681,684,687],{"slug":682,"name":683},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":685,"name":686},"ess","ESS",{"slug":688,"name":689},"gigafactories","Battery & Gigafactory","private",{"id":692,"alt":565,"name":565,"focus":565,"title":565,"source":565,"filename":693,"copyright":565,"fieldtype":694,"meta_data":695,"is_external_url":50},150577236853716,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/803x755/065cc40577/us-lfp-bess-cell-demand-outstrips-production-until-2028.png","asset",{},{"id":697,"alt":565,"name":565,"focus":565,"title":565,"source":565,"filename":698,"copyright":565,"fieldtype":694,"meta_data":699,"is_external_url":50},106721974659977,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/x/798cf086c4/who-were-the-top-cell-suppliers-in-the-bess-market-in-h1-2025.avif",{},"US demand for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery energy storage (BESS cells) is forecast to outstrip supply from North American producers until 2028, according to Benchmark’s BESS Service.","Mar 02, 2026","2nd March 2026",[],[],1782229482270]