[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":757},["ShallowReactive",2],{"ticker-data":3,"story-article/us-epa-emissions-rules-ratchet-up-pressure-on-the-battery-supply-chain":550},[4,52,82,112,150,187,231,263,298,334,376,416,458,491,520],{"publishedDate":5,"updateFrequency":6,"updateFrequencyText":7,"label":8,"today":9,"last":10,"percentageChange":11,"yearToDate":12,"yearOnYear":13,"oneYearIndexTrend":14,"url":48,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-09-02","2wk","Updated every 2 weeks","Lithium",385.07,372.67,3.33,64.75,118.67,[15,16,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45],{"date":5,"value":9},{"date":17,"value":10},"2026-08-19",{"date":19,"value":20},"2026-08-05",367.54,{"date":22,"value":23},"2026-07-22",388.26,{"date":25,"value":26},"2026-07-08",399.4,{"date":28,"value":29},"2026-06-24",410.62,{"date":31,"value":32},"2026-06-10",427.77,{"date":34,"value":35},"2026-05-27",449.85,{"date":37,"value":38},"2026-05-13",451.12,{"date":40,"value":41},"2026-04-29",404.38,{"date":43,"value":44},"2026-04-15",354.35,{"date":46,"value":47},"2026-04-01",346.55,"/lithium/prices",null,false,true,{"publishedDate":5,"updateFrequency":6,"updateFrequencyText":7,"label":53,"today":54,"last":55,"percentageChange":56,"yearToDate":57,"yearOnYear":58,"oneYearIndexTrend":59,"url":48,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"Lithium Carbonate",306.07,297.22,2.98,20.51,61.74,[60,61,62,64,66,68,70,72,74,76,78,80],{"date":5,"value":54},{"date":17,"value":55},{"date":19,"value":63},296.63,{"date":22,"value":65},309.38,{"date":25,"value":67},317.2,{"date":28,"value":69},330.54,{"date":31,"value":71},346.5,{"date":34,"value":73},358.35,{"date":37,"value":75},350.28,{"date":40,"value":77},328.09,{"date":43,"value":79},381.25,{"date":46,"value":81},371.52,{"publishedDate":5,"updateFrequency":6,"updateFrequencyText":7,"label":83,"today":84,"last":85,"percentageChange":86,"yearToDate":87,"yearOnYear":88,"oneYearIndexTrend":89,"url":48,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"Lithium Hydroxide",352.45,341.12,3.32,73.42,126.69,[90,91,92,94,96,98,100,102,104,106,108,110],{"date":5,"value":84},{"date":17,"value":85},{"date":19,"value":93},337.87,{"date":22,"value":95},354.36,{"date":25,"value":97},364.06,{"date":28,"value":99},376.67,{"date":31,"value":101},393.29,{"date":34,"value":103},411.01,{"date":37,"value":105},408.51,{"date":40,"value":107},372.51,{"date":43,"value":109},316.95,{"date":46,"value":111},311.86,{"publishedDate":5,"updateFrequency":113,"updateFrequencyText":114,"label":115,"today":116,"last":117,"percentageChange":118,"yearToDate":119,"yearOnYear":120,"oneYearIndexTrend":121,"url":149,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"1wk","Updated every week","Cobalt",189.92,192.6,-1.39,-19.26,38.94,[122,123,125,127,130,131,134,136,139,141,144,146],{"date":5,"value":116},{"date":124,"value":117},"2026-08-26",{"date":17,"value":126},199.83,{"date":128,"value":129},"2026-08-12",217.25,{"date":19,"value":129},{"date":132,"value":133},"2026-07-29",221.25,{"date":22,"value":135},224.44,{"date":137,"value":138},"2026-07-15",223.01,{"date":25,"value":140},223.72,{"date":142,"value":143},"2026-07-01",218.73,{"date":28,"value":145},229.84,{"date":147,"value":148},"2026-06-17",239.97,"/cobalt/prices",{"publishedDate":124,"updateFrequency":6,"updateFrequencyText":7,"label":151,"today":152,"last":153,"percentageChange":154,"yearToDate":155,"yearOnYear":156,"oneYearIndexTrend":157,"url":186,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"Nickel",119.61,121.04,-1.18,-0.93,15.85,[158,159,160,162,164,166,168,171,174,177,180,183],{"date":124,"value":152},{"date":128,"value":153},{"date":132,"value":161},121.19,{"date":137,"value":163},122.66,{"date":142,"value":165},125.61,{"date":147,"value":167},131.5,{"date":169,"value":170},"2026-06-03",134.65,{"date":172,"value":173},"2026-05-20",135.83,{"date":175,"value":176},"2026-05-06",133.76,{"date":178,"value":179},"2026-04-22",125.43,{"date":181,"value":182},"2026-04-08",124.51,{"date":184,"value":185},"2026-03-25",123.94,"/nickel/prices",{"publishedDate":188,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":191,"today":192,"last":193,"percentageChange":194,"yearToDate":195,"yearOnYear":196,"oneYearIndexTrend":197,"url":230,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-08-28","1mo","Updated every month","Natural Graphite",80.18,80.66,-0.6,-1.72,-1.7,[198,199,201,204,207,210,213,216,219,222,225,227],{"date":188,"value":192},{"date":200,"value":193},"2026-07-31",{"date":202,"value":203},"2026-06-30",82.87,{"date":205,"value":206},"2026-05-29",82.99,{"date":208,"value":209},"2026-04-30",82.93,{"date":211,"value":212},"2026-03-31",82.39,{"date":214,"value":215},"2026-02-27",81.92,{"date":217,"value":218},"2026-01-30",81.69,{"date":220,"value":221},"2025-12-31",81.58,{"date":223,"value":224},"2025-11-28",81.35,{"date":226,"value":224},"2025-10-31",{"date":228,"value":229},"2025-09-30",81.74,"/natural-graphite/prices",{"publishedDate":200,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":232,"today":233,"last":234,"percentageChange":235,"yearToDate":236,"yearOnYear":237,"oneYearIndexTrend":238,"url":262,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"Anode Coke",81.86,80.54,1.63,9.96,16.35,[239,240,241,242,244,246,248,250,252,254,256,259],{"date":200,"value":233},{"date":202,"value":234},{"date":205,"value":234},{"date":208,"value":243},84.01,{"date":211,"value":245},79.79,{"date":214,"value":247},75.72,{"date":217,"value":249},74.61,{"date":220,"value":251},74.44,{"date":226,"value":253},72.75,{"date":228,"value":255},71.92,{"date":257,"value":258},"2025-08-29",71.46,{"date":260,"value":261},"2025-07-31",70.35,"/synthetic-graphite/prices",{"publishedDate":264,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":265,"today":266,"last":266,"percentageChange":267,"yearToDate":268,"yearOnYear":269,"oneYearIndexTrend":270,"url":297,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-08-17","Anode",80.24,0,1.53,2.92,[271,272,273,275,278,280,283,285,287,289,292,295],{"date":264,"value":266},{"date":137,"value":266},{"date":274,"value":266},"2026-06-15",{"date":276,"value":277},"2026-05-15",79.16,{"date":43,"value":279},81.98,{"date":281,"value":282},"2026-03-16",79.03,{"date":284,"value":282},"2026-02-16",{"date":286,"value":282},"2026-01-15",{"date":288,"value":282},"2025-12-15",{"date":290,"value":291},"2025-11-17",77.79,{"date":293,"value":294},"2025-10-15",77.96,{"date":296,"value":294},"2025-09-15","/anode/prices",{"publishedDate":299,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":300,"today":301,"last":302,"percentageChange":303,"yearToDate":304,"yearOnYear":305,"oneYearIndexTrend":306,"url":333,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-08-01","Cathode",73.32,77.21,-5.04,14.41,55.07,[307,308,309,312,315,317,320,323,325,327,329,331],{"date":299,"value":301},{"date":142,"value":302},{"date":310,"value":311},"2026-06-01",80.32,{"date":313,"value":314},"2026-05-01",81.71,{"date":46,"value":316},77.27,{"date":318,"value":319},"2026-03-01",81.99,{"date":321,"value":322},"2026-02-01",80.5,{"date":286,"value":324},72.79,{"date":288,"value":326},64.08,{"date":290,"value":328},62.01,{"date":293,"value":330},53.51,{"date":296,"value":332},49.5,"/cathode/prices",{"publishedDate":335,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":336,"today":337,"last":338,"percentageChange":339,"yearToDate":340,"yearOnYear":341,"oneYearIndexTrend":342,"url":375,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2025-03-31","Lithium ion Batteries",74.53,71.3,4.53,-1.6,-20.88,[343,344,346,349,352,355,358,361,364,366,369,372],{"date":335,"value":337},{"date":345,"value":338},"2025-02-28",{"date":347,"value":348},"2025-01-31",71.45,{"date":350,"value":351},"2024-12-31",75.74,{"date":353,"value":354},"2024-11-29",76.98,{"date":356,"value":357},"2024-10-31",77.34,{"date":359,"value":360},"2024-09-30",77.43,{"date":362,"value":363},"2024-08-30",80.56,{"date":365,"value":206},"2024-07-31",{"date":367,"value":368},"2024-06-28",87.2,{"date":370,"value":371},"2024-05-31",90.7,{"date":373,"value":374},"2024-04-30",93.2,"/battery-gigafactory/prices",{"publishedDate":377,"updateFrequency":6,"updateFrequencyText":7,"label":378,"today":379,"last":380,"percentageChange":381,"yearToDate":382,"yearOnYear":383,"oneYearIndexTrend":384,"url":415,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-08-27","Black Mass",43.88,42.33,3.65,1.69,40.82,[385,386,388,391,394,397,400,403,405,407,409,412],{"date":377,"value":379},{"date":387,"value":380},"2026-08-13",{"date":389,"value":390},"2026-07-30",43.42,{"date":392,"value":393},"2026-07-16",46.74,{"date":395,"value":396},"2026-07-02",46.01,{"date":398,"value":399},"2026-06-18",49.57,{"date":401,"value":402},"2026-02-12",47.34,{"date":404,"value":399},"2026-01-29",{"date":286,"value":406},43.15,{"date":220,"value":408},47.05,{"date":410,"value":411},"2025-12-18",41.51,{"date":413,"value":414},"2025-12-04",40.81,"/recycling/black-mass-prices",{"publishedDate":417,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":418,"today":419,"last":420,"percentageChange":421,"yearToDate":422,"yearOnYear":423,"oneYearIndexTrend":424,"url":457,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"2026-09-03","Rare Earths",170.83,169.63,0.71,19.72,22.18,[425,426,428,431,434,437,440,443,446,449,451,454],{"date":417,"value":419},{"date":427,"value":420},"2026-08-20",{"date":429,"value":430},"2026-08-06",172.28,{"date":432,"value":433},"2026-07-23",173.94,{"date":435,"value":436},"2026-07-09",171.69,{"date":438,"value":439},"2026-06-25",168.55,{"date":441,"value":442},"2026-06-11",165,{"date":444,"value":445},"2026-05-28",163.89,{"date":447,"value":448},"2026-05-14",172.63,{"date":208,"value":450},175.6,{"date":452,"value":453},"2026-04-16",172.01,{"date":455,"value":456},"2026-04-02",165.47,"/rare-earths/prices",{"publishedDate":228,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":459,"today":460,"last":461,"percentageChange":462,"yearToDate":463,"yearOnYear":464,"oneYearIndexTrend":465,"url":375,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"LFP",111.93,124.92,-10.4,-2.67,-3.42,[466,467,468,470,473,476,479,481,483,485,487,489],{"date":228,"value":460},{"date":257,"value":461},{"date":260,"value":469},109.9,{"date":471,"value":472},"2025-06-30",100.47,{"date":474,"value":475},"2025-05-30",103.62,{"date":477,"value":478},"2025-04-30",109.47,{"date":335,"value":480},115.87,{"date":345,"value":482},117.3,{"date":347,"value":484},114.57,{"date":350,"value":486},115,{"date":353,"value":488},117.82,{"date":356,"value":490},111.9,{"publishedDate":228,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":492,"today":493,"last":494,"percentageChange":495,"yearToDate":496,"yearOnYear":497,"oneYearIndexTrend":498,"url":375,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"NCM High-Nickel",99.44,96.91,2.61,2.37,-3.84,[499,500,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515,516,518],{"date":228,"value":493},{"date":257,"value":494},{"date":260,"value":502},97.09,{"date":471,"value":504},94.93,{"date":474,"value":506},97.13,{"date":477,"value":508},97.89,{"date":335,"value":510},101.4,{"date":345,"value":512},93.25,{"date":347,"value":514},98.94,{"date":350,"value":506},{"date":353,"value":517},98.69,{"date":356,"value":519},101.87,{"publishedDate":228,"updateFrequency":189,"updateFrequencyText":190,"label":521,"today":522,"last":523,"percentageChange":524,"yearToDate":525,"yearOnYear":526,"oneYearIndexTrend":527,"url":375,"subscription":49,"isProtected":50,"hasAccess":51},"NCM Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[528,529,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548],{"date":228,"value":522},{"date":257,"value":523},{"date":260,"value":531},99.19,{"date":471,"value":533},96.02,{"date":474,"value":535},98.23,{"date":477,"value":537},99.24,{"date":335,"value":539},101.29,{"date":345,"value":541},87.61,{"date":347,"value":543},92.44,{"date":350,"value":545},90.96,{"date":353,"value":547},92.24,{"date":356,"value":549},95.09,{"id":551,"uuid":552,"name":553,"slug":554,"full_slug":555,"content":556,"relatedArticles":755,"relatedVideos":756},112471502158446,"5e27f9ff-3083-4041-83ae-b7c7b2e1474e","US EPA emissions rules ratchet up pressure on the battery supply chain","us-epa-emissions-rules-ratchet-up-pressure-on-the-battery-supply-chain","article/us-epa-emissions-rules-ratchet-up-pressure-on-the-battery-supply-chain",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":563,"content":573,"excerpt":728,"featured":51,"reporter":729,"_editable":733,"component":734,"seo_title":553,"categories":735,"visibility":748,"author_company":49,"featured_image":749,"seo_description":728,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":753,"formattedArticleDate":754},"bce24de0-6daa-429d-8eee-f30d0e0f3a9a","2023-04-14 00:00",[560],{"slug":561,"name":562},"usa","USA",[564],{"slug":565,"name":566,"content":567},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":568,"image":569,"bio":571,"linkedin":572},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":570},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":574,"content":575},"doc",[576,593,598,603,608,613,618,623,632,639,644,649,654,659,666,679,684,697,702,707,712,717],{"type":577,"attrs":578,"content":579},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[580,583,591],{"text":581,"type":582},"Proposed stricter emissions standards by the US Environmental Protection Agency this week would add even more pressure to the country’s automakers to secure supplies of ","text",{"text":584,"type":582,"marks":585},"battery raw materials",[586],{"type":587,"attrs":588},"link",{"href":589,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":590},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/can-north-america-build-a-battery-supply-chain","url",{"text":592,"type":582},". ",{"type":577,"attrs":594,"content":595},{"textAlign":49},[596],{"text":597,"type":582},"The proposal could increase forecast lithium ion battery demand by 78% to over 1 terawatt-hour by 2032, compared to Benchmark’s base case forecast, according to the EPA’s projections. ",{"type":577,"attrs":599,"content":600},{"textAlign":49},[601],{"text":602,"type":582},"The EPA proposed what it called “the strongest-ever pollution standards for cars and trucks,” laying out plans it said would avoid almost 10 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, more than twice what the US emitted last year. ",{"type":577,"attrs":604,"content":605},{"textAlign":49},[606],{"text":607,"type":582},"The proposed standards would apply to models produced from 2027 through to 2032.",{"type":577,"attrs":609,"content":610},{"textAlign":49},[611],{"text":612,"type":582},"While the rules do not specify that vehicles should be electric, the EPA estimated it would lead to 67% of new sedans, crossovers, SUVs, and light trucks being electric by 2032, and 50% of vocational vehicles such as buses and garbage trucks. ",{"type":577,"attrs":614,"content":615},{"textAlign":49},[616],{"text":617,"type":582},"That’s higher than President Joe Biden’s previous goal of having 50% of all new passenger cars and light truck sales be zero-emission by 2030. ",{"type":577,"attrs":619,"content":620},{"textAlign":49},[621],{"text":622,"type":582},"Last year just 6% of new cars sold in the US were electric. ",{"type":577,"attrs":624,"content":625},{"textAlign":49},[626],{"type":627,"attrs":628},"image",{"id":49,"alt":629,"src":630,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":631},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/1ff8536b66/bm-image-33.png",{},{"type":633,"attrs":634,"content":636},"heading",{"level":635,"textAlign":49},4,[637],{"text":638,"type":582},"Lowering EV costs",{"type":577,"attrs":640,"content":641},{"textAlign":49},[642],{"text":643,"type":582},"To meet that target, however, electric vehicle costs will need to come down, which will require more investment in the battery supply chain. ",{"type":577,"attrs":645,"content":646},{"textAlign":49},[647],{"text":648,"type":582},"US automakers are already struggling to meet eligibility requirements set out in President Joe Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act, so that they can obtain a full $7,500 vehicle tax credit, which helps lower costs for consumers. ",{"type":577,"attrs":650,"content":651},{"textAlign":49},[652],{"text":653,"type":582},"The act requires that critical minerals are sourced from free trade agreement countries and battery components are manufactured or assembled in North America. ",{"type":577,"attrs":655,"content":656},{"textAlign":49},[657],{"text":658,"type":582},"Yet even with supply from FTA countries such as Chile and Australia the lithium market could be short of supply this decade if electric vehicle sales acclerate. ",{"type":577,"attrs":660,"content":661},{"textAlign":49},[662],{"type":627,"attrs":663},{"id":49,"alt":629,"src":664,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":665},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/4cec3217c1/bm-image-34.png",{},{"type":577,"attrs":667,"content":668},{"textAlign":49},[669,671,677],{"text":670,"type":582},"In addition, it is still not clear if US automakers can purchase battery raw materials or components from ",{"text":672,"type":582,"marks":673},"Chinese companies",[674],{"type":587,"attrs":675},{"href":676,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":590},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-gem-aims-for-us-ira-compliance-with-sk-ecopro-south-korea-precursor-plant",{"text":678,"type":582},", as the IRA prohibits the involvement of “foreign entities of concern.” ",{"type":577,"attrs":680,"content":681},{"textAlign":49},[682],{"text":683,"type":582},"If all global OEM targets as well as policy ambitions are met the lithium market could be in a deficit this decade, according to Benchmark. That deficit could rise to over 3 million tonnes LCE by 2035 under this scenario, which was calculated before the EPA rules. ",{"type":577,"attrs":685,"content":686},{"textAlign":49},[687,689,695],{"text":688,"type":582},"The EPA said that it expected ",{"text":690,"type":582,"marks":691},"support from the Inflation Reduction Act",[692],{"type":587,"attrs":693},{"href":694,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":590},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/redwood-to-supply-us-made-cathode-to-panasonic-as-bidens-ira-boosts-supply-chain",{"text":696,"type":582}," for the US battery supply chain as well as in the Infrastructure Act “will prove instrumental in meeting incremental needs of the supply chain under the proposed standards.”",{"type":577,"attrs":698,"content":699},{"textAlign":49},[700],{"text":701,"type":582},"“EPA recognizes that the global minerals industry is already anticipating and preparing for accelerated growth in demand for critical minerals,” it said. ",{"type":577,"attrs":703,"content":704},{"textAlign":49},[705],{"text":706,"type":582},"Join Benchmark at Battery Gigafactories USA",{"type":577,"attrs":708,"content":709},{"textAlign":49},[710],{"text":711,"type":582},"Legislation aimed at incentivising North America’s transition towards carbon neutrality will be a central theme of Benchmark’s Battery Gigafactories USA conference on 8-9 June 2023.",{"type":577,"attrs":713,"content":714},{"textAlign":49},[715],{"text":716,"type":582},"The event will explore the rise of USA’s lithium ion battery gigafactory economy and the need to build secure, sustainable supply chains for North America’s growing raw material requirements.",{"type":577,"attrs":718,"content":719},{"textAlign":49},[720,726],{"text":721,"type":582,"marks":722},"Learn more about Battery Gigafactories USA and join us in Washington DC",[723],{"type":587,"attrs":724},{"href":725,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":590},"https://events.benchmarkminerals.com/event/ce11722f-0ee0-471e-b061-5bacbe4ea036/summary",{"text":727,"type":582},".","Proposed stricter emissions standards by the US Environmental Protection Agency this week would add even more pressure to the country’s automakers to secure supplies of battery raw materials. The proposal could increase forecast lithium ion battery demand by 78% to over 1 terawatt-hour by 2032, compared to Benchmark’s base case forecast, according to the EPA’s […]",[730],{"slug":565,"name":566,"content":731},{"job_title":568,"image":732,"bio":571,"linkedin":572},{"filename":570},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"bce24de0-6daa-429d-8eee-f30d0e0f3a9a\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[736,739,742,745],{"slug":737,"name":738},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":740,"name":741},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":743,"name":744},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":746,"name":747},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":629,"name":629,"focus":629,"title":629,"source":629,"filename":750,"copyright":629,"fieldtype":751,"meta_data":752,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/5f869f4823/bm-us-epa.jpg","asset",{"alt":629,"title":629,"source":629,"copyright":629},"Apr 14, 2023","14th April 2023",[],[],1788882721603]