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Mid-Nickel",103.5,99.73,3.78,13.78,6.78,[518,519,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"date":213,"value":512},{"date":216,"value":513},{"date":219,"value":521},99.19,{"date":222,"value":523},96.02,{"date":225,"value":525},98.23,{"date":467,"value":527},99.24,{"date":329,"value":529},101.29,{"date":339,"value":531},87.61,{"date":341,"value":533},92.44,{"date":344,"value":535},90.96,{"date":347,"value":537},92.24,{"date":350,"value":539},95.09,{"id":541,"uuid":542,"name":543,"slug":544,"full_slug":545,"content":546,"relatedArticles":766,"relatedVideos":767},112470345377638,"ad5e38a8-c5ff-4ca8-8092-9cda0ff156f6","US moves to cut China from its battery supply chain","us-moves-to-cut-china-from-its-battery-supply-chain","article/us-moves-to-cut-china-from-its-battery-supply-chain",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":556,"content":566,"excerpt":745,"featured":51,"reporter":746,"_editable":750,"component":751,"seo_title":543,"categories":752,"visibility":759,"author_company":49,"featured_image":760,"seo_description":745,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":764,"formattedArticleDate":765},"a4eb297d-a370-4b6f-ac65-d2727c44eda0","2023-12-01 00:00",[550,553],{"slug":551,"name":552},"china","China",{"slug":554,"name":555},"usa","USA",[557],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":560},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":561,"image":562,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":563},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":567,"content":568},"doc",[569,576,581,586,601,614,619,624,629,634,641,646,651,656,661,666,671,676,681,686,691,696,705,710,715,720,733,738],{"type":570,"attrs":571,"content":572},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[573],{"text":574,"type":575},"The US has moved to limit Chinese involvement in the country’s battery supply chain by setting a 25% ownership cap for companies producing battery components or critical minerals for electric vehicles. ","text",{"type":570,"attrs":577,"content":578},{"textAlign":49},[579],{"text":580,"type":575},"Automakers will not be eligible for up to $7,500 in electric vehicle subsidies if they use battery components or critical minerals from companies where at least 25% is owned directly or indirectly by Chinese companies, according to guidance from the US Treasury and the Department of Energy.  ",{"type":570,"attrs":582,"content":583},{"textAlign":49},[584],{"text":585,"type":575},"The guidance also covers licensing of technologies from Chinese companies.",{"type":570,"attrs":587,"content":588},{"textAlign":49},[589,591,599],{"text":590,"type":575},"The rules could severely limit Chinese involvement in the US battery supply chain in the near term due to ",{"text":592,"type":575,"marks":593},"China’s dominance",[594],{"type":595,"attrs":596},"link",{"href":597,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":598},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-chinas-lithium-ion-battery-supply-chain-dominance","url",{"text":600,"type":575}," in the processing of critical minerals and production of battery components. ",{"type":570,"attrs":602,"content":603},{"textAlign":49},[604,606,612],{"text":605,"type":575},"It will be especially difficult in sectors where China has over 80% market share, such as production of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, precursor materials (",{"text":607,"type":575,"marks":608},"pCAM",[609],{"type":595,"attrs":610},{"href":611,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":598},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/market-assessments/precursor-assessment/capacities/",{"text":613,"type":575},"), high purity manganese sulphate, and graphite. ",{"type":570,"attrs":615,"content":616},{"textAlign":49},[617],{"text":618,"type":575},"It could also be a blow to plants producing precursors and cathodes in South Korea, which mostly rely on nickel from Chinese companies in Indonesia. ",{"type":570,"attrs":620,"content":621},{"textAlign":49},[622],{"text":623,"type":575},"At least 82% of Indonesia’s 2024 battery nickel output will be under majority Chinese ownership and at least 54% by 2033, according to Benchmark.",{"type":570,"attrs":625,"content":626},{"textAlign":49},[627],{"text":628,"type":575},"One of the world’s largest lithium mines, the Greenbushes mine in Australia, is also controlled by China’s Tianqi Lithium, which has a 26% stake. ",{"type":570,"attrs":630,"content":631},{"textAlign":49},[632],{"text":633,"type":575},"“President Biden entered office determined to reverse the decades-long trend of letting jobs and factories go overseas to China,” John Podesta, senior advisor to the president for Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation, said. “Thanks to the Investing in America agenda and today’s important guidance from Treasury and the Department of Energy, we’re helping ensure that the electric vehicle future will be made in America.”",{"type":635,"attrs":636,"content":638},"heading",{"level":637,"textAlign":49},4,[639],{"text":640,"type":575},"Inflation Reduction Act requirements",{"type":570,"attrs":642,"content":643},{"textAlign":49},[644],{"text":645,"type":575},"According to the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, from 2024 an electric vehicle cannot contain any battery components that are manufactured by a “Foreign Entity of Concern (FEOC),” if automakers want to receive tax credits.  ",{"type":570,"attrs":647,"content":648},{"textAlign":49},[649],{"text":650,"type":575},"Starting in 2025 the vehicle’s battery can’t contain any critical minerals that were extracted, processed, or recycled by a “Foreign Entity of Concern.”",{"type":570,"attrs":652,"content":653},{"textAlign":49},[654],{"text":655,"type":575},"A “Foreign Entity of Concern” is a company, person, or group formed under the jurisdiction of, or influenced by, China, Russia, North Korea, or Iran.",{"type":570,"attrs":657,"content":658},{"textAlign":49},[659],{"text":660,"type":575},"The guidance released on Friday proposes to prohibit the involvement of companies where “25% or more of the entity’s board seats, voting rights, or equity interest are cumulatively held by” Foreign Entities of Concern (FEOC), “directly or indirectly via one or more intermediate entities.”",{"type":570,"attrs":662,"content":663},{"textAlign":49},[664],{"text":665,"type":575},"Still, it is unclear whether the 25% rule would cover a privately-owned Chinese firm, or whether it is only ownership by the government or a government-connected entity.",{"type":570,"attrs":667,"content":668},{"textAlign":49},[669],{"text":670,"type":575},"Determining FEOC control of subsidiary businesses is done by looking at proportional control of the end entity.",{"type":570,"attrs":672,"content":673},{"textAlign":49},[674],{"text":675,"type":575},"It also covers licensing of technologies from Chinese companies where the Chinese entity exerts “effective control” over the extraction, processing, recycling, manufacturing or assembly of battery components or materials. ",{"type":635,"attrs":677,"content":678},{"level":637,"textAlign":49},[679],{"text":680,"type":575},"Tracing minerals",{"type":570,"attrs":682,"content":683},{"textAlign":49},[684],{"text":685,"type":575},"For critical minerals, the rule covers extraction, processing, and recycling. A mineral extracted by an entity that is not a FEOC but processed by a FEOC would not be compliant, it says.",{"type":570,"attrs":687,"content":688},{"textAlign":49},[689],{"text":690,"type":575},"Automakers will have to conduct tracing on their supply chains to ensure they meet the requirements. Given the difficulty of tracing critical minerals, the guidance proposes to allocate minerals to a “particular set of battery cells.” ",{"type":570,"attrs":692,"content":693},{"textAlign":49},[694],{"text":695,"type":575},"“The battery cells would then have to be physically tracked to batteries and new clean vehicles using a serial number or other identification system,” it says. ",{"type":570,"attrs":697,"content":698},{"textAlign":49},[699],{"type":700,"attrs":701},"image",{"id":49,"alt":702,"src":703,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":704},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/148f0f5c52/bm-lithium-feoc.png",{},{"type":635,"attrs":706,"content":707},{"level":637,"textAlign":49},[708],{"text":709,"type":575},"Potential loopholes ",{"type":570,"attrs":711,"content":712},{"textAlign":49},[713],{"text":714,"type":575},"Still, Chinese companies and their partners have already pledged to adjust their equity ownership to meet the US requirements. ",{"type":570,"attrs":716,"content":717},{"textAlign":49},[718],{"text":719,"type":575},"South Korea’s LG Chem said in September it would adjust equity ownership at its planned LFP cathode plant in Morocco, which it is building with China’s Youshan. ",{"type":570,"attrs":721,"content":722},{"textAlign":49},[723,725,731],{"text":724,"type":575},"China’s largest battery recycling company ",{"text":726,"type":575,"marks":727},"GEM has also said",[728],{"type":595,"attrs":729},{"href":730,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":598},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-gem-aims-for-us-ira-compliance-with-sk-ecopro-south-korea-precursor-plant",{"text":732,"type":575}," it would do the same for its battery precursor plant in South Korea it is building with SK On and EcoPro.",{"type":570,"attrs":734,"content":735},{"textAlign":49},[736],{"text":737,"type":575},"Almost 40% of planned pCAM production in South Korea has some Chinese involvement, according to Benchmark. Globally, over 89% of the planned pipeline for pCAM production is fully Chinese owned.",{"type":570,"attrs":739,"content":740},{"textAlign":49},[741],{"type":700,"attrs":742},{"id":49,"alt":702,"src":743,"title":49,"source":49,"copyright":49,"meta_data":744},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/556b50227e/bm-global-precursor-ramp-up.png",{},"The US has moved to limit Chinese involvement in the country’s battery supply chain by setting a 25% ownership cap for companies producing battery components or critical minerals for electric vehicles. Automakers will not be eligible for up to $7,500 in electric vehicle subsidies if they use battery components or critical minerals from companies where […]",[747],{"slug":558,"name":559,"content":748},{"job_title":561,"image":749,"bio":564,"linkedin":565},{"filename":563},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"a4eb297d-a370-4b6f-ac65-d2727c44eda0\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[753,756],{"slug":754,"name":755},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":757,"name":758},"geopolitics","Geopolitics","private",{"id":49,"alt":702,"name":702,"focus":702,"title":702,"source":702,"filename":761,"copyright":702,"fieldtype":762,"meta_data":763,"is_external_url":51},"https://wp-admin.benchmarkminerals.com/app/uploads/US-Treasury-scaled.jpg","asset",{"alt":702,"title":702,"source":702,"copyright":702},"Dec 01, 2023","1st December 2023",[],[],1783529652979]