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announcements","us-silicon-anode-scene-starts-2024-with-a-wave-of-announcements","article/us-silicon-anode-scene-starts-2024-with-a-wave-of-announcements",{"_uid":547,"date":548,"tags":549,"editor":565,"content":575,"excerpt":773,"featured":51,"reporter":774,"_editable":778,"component":779,"seo_title":543,"categories":780,"visibility":792,"author_company":49,"featured_image":793,"seo_description":773,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":798,"formattedArticleDate":799},"e4a32ec7-3716-4771-a8b0-3a15569e0bf8","2024-02-02 00:00",[550,553,556,559,562],{"slug":551,"name":552},"europe","Europe",{"slug":554,"name":555},"gdi","GDI",{"slug":557,"name":558},"north-america","North America",{"slug":560,"name":561},"oned-battery-science","OneD Battery Science",{"slug":563,"name":564},"us","US",[566],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":569},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":570,"image":571,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":572},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":576,"content":577},"doc",[578,585,598,627,640,645,652,657,662,667,680,685,690,695,700,705,710,715,720,725,730,735,748,753,758,763,768],{"type":579,"attrs":580,"content":581},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[582],{"text":583,"type":584},"US-based silicon anode innovators kicked off 2024 with a flurry of announcements, laying the groundwork for further developments in the space.","text",{"type":579,"attrs":586,"content":587},{"textAlign":49},[588,596],{"text":589,"type":584,"marks":590},"Silicon materials",[591],{"type":592,"attrs":593},"link",{"href":594,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/silicon-anodes-near-ev-commercialisation-as-panasonic-targets-2025-use-with-nexeon-deal","url",{"text":597,"type":584}," can be used directly as an active anode material (AAM) or mixed with graphite to form a blended material to improve anode performance. However, silicon expands around 300% when lithiated which poses a major technical hurdle for incorporating larger quantities of the material in commercial applications such as electric vehicles.",{"type":579,"attrs":599,"content":600},{"textAlign":49},[601,603,609,611,617,619,625],{"text":602,"type":584},"This could be an opportunity for the West to make inroads in the anode market. Currently ",{"text":604,"type":584,"marks":605},"China dominates the industry",[606],{"type":592,"attrs":607},{"href":608,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-china-controls-three-quarters-of-graphite-anode-supply-chain",{"text":610,"type":584},", forecast to account for ",{"text":612,"type":584,"marks":613},"93% of global anode material production",[614],{"type":592,"attrs":615},{"href":616,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/in-charts-why-decoupling-from-chinas-anode-market-could-be-difficult-for-the-west",{"text":618,"type":584}," this year, according to ",{"text":620,"type":584,"marks":621},"Benchmark’s Anode Forecast",[622],{"type":592,"attrs":623},{"href":624,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/forecasts/anode/reports",{"text":626,"type":584},".",{"type":579,"attrs":628,"content":629},{"textAlign":49},[630,632,638],{"text":631,"type":584},"“",{"text":633,"type":584,"marks":634},"China dominates production",[635],{"type":592,"attrs":636},{"href":637,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinas-btr-says-4680-cell-demand-to-drive-silicon-anode-growth",{"text":639,"type":584}," of the incumbent silicon-graphite blended anodes, but as we look to emerging technologies, innovation is spread across the world. Several US innovators have announced big plans and partnerships for 2024, so the year is off to a good start,” Rory McNulty, an analyst at Benchmark, said.",{"type":579,"attrs":641,"content":642},{"textAlign":49},[643],{"text":644,"type":584},"“The next few years could be critical to commercial success,” he added.",{"type":646,"attrs":647,"content":649},"heading",{"level":648,"textAlign":49},4,[650],{"text":651,"type":584},"January’s silicon buzz",{"type":579,"attrs":653,"content":654},{"textAlign":49},[655],{"text":656,"type":584},"Many US-based silicon anode companies at various levels of commercialisation have made announcements in January, indicating a growing confidence in the technology.",{"type":646,"attrs":658,"content":659},{"level":648,"textAlign":49},[660],{"text":661,"type":584},"Differences in Europe and North America",{"type":579,"attrs":663,"content":664},{"textAlign":49},[665],{"text":666,"type":584},"The US’ Inflation Reduction Act is an obvious draw for companies in the battery supply chain.",{"type":579,"attrs":668,"content":669},{"textAlign":49},[670,672,678],{"text":671,"type":584},"“It has impacted our customers’ decision making,” ",{"text":673,"type":584,"marks":674},"Vincent Pluvinage",[675],{"type":592,"attrs":676},{"href":677,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/video/watch/sinanode-silicon-simplified-advancing-the-ev-battery",{"text":679,"type":584},", co-founder and chief executive of OneD, told Benchmark Source. “What we have seen is that there are customers from Europe and customers from Asia that are setting up plants in North America.”",{"type":579,"attrs":681,"content":682},{"textAlign":49},[683],{"text":684,"type":584},"GDI, who recently received a loan form the European Investment Bank to develop its pilot plant in Germany, is one of the few companies based in the US to seek opportunities in Europe rather than in North America.",{"type":579,"attrs":686,"content":687},{"textAlign":49},[688],{"text":689,"type":584},"“The US, right now, is the land of opportunity when you’re ready to go big,” Rob Anstey, chief executive of GDI, told Benchmark Source. “Europe seems to have a better environment for doing things in a more practical phase-by-phase manner.”",{"type":579,"attrs":691,"content":692},{"textAlign":49},[693],{"text":694,"type":584},"Production at GDI’s pilot plant is due to commence in 2025, reaching up to 100 megawatt hours by 2026 and up to 1 gigawatt hour by 2029.",{"type":646,"attrs":696,"content":697},{"level":648,"textAlign":49},[698],{"text":699,"type":584},"Could silane gas be a bottleneck?",{"type":579,"attrs":701,"content":702},{"textAlign":49},[703],{"text":704,"type":584},"A key precursor for many silicon anode materials is silane, a gas made from metallurgical grade silicon.",{"type":579,"attrs":706,"content":707},{"textAlign":49},[708],{"text":709,"type":584},"The silicon industry is well established owing to the variety of uses of the material in large markets such as stainless steel and silicones, though the purity of the silicon for these materials is not as high as for batteries.",{"type":579,"attrs":711,"content":712},{"textAlign":49},[713],{"text":714,"type":584},"Silicon suitable for use in battery anodes is more akin to the type produced for the solar cell and semiconductor markets.",{"type":579,"attrs":716,"content":717},{"textAlign":49},[718],{"text":719,"type":584},"These large incumbent industries mean the silicon supply chain is well developed and robust, according to McNulty.",{"type":579,"attrs":721,"content":722},{"textAlign":49},[723],{"text":724,"type":584},"“However, competing high-value industries mean that potential supply and demand have several large and competing drivers,” he added.",{"type":579,"attrs":726,"content":727},{"textAlign":49},[728],{"text":729,"type":584},"Non-Chinese production of the gas needs to ramp up at the same pace as the market lest the developing silicon anode scene remain dependent on Chinese feedstock. ",{"type":579,"attrs":731,"content":732},{"textAlign":49},[733],{"text":734,"type":584},"“The problem that exists today is that while there is a million tonnes per year of silane gas being produced, it’s almost exclusively produced in China,” Pluvinage said. “And the reason for this is because China has 93% of the solar cell market.”",{"type":579,"attrs":736,"content":737},{"textAlign":49},[738,740,746],{"text":739,"type":584},"Outside of China, one of the largest producers of silane gas is REC Silicon, headquartered in Norway. REC Silicon operates several facilities, including one in ",{"text":741,"type":584,"marks":742},"Moses Lake, Washington",[743],{"type":592,"attrs":744},{"href":745,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":595},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/moses-lake-the-usas-silicon-anode-hub",{"text":747,"type":584},". This operation was shut down in 2019 due to Chinese tariffs on polysilicon produced in the US.",{"type":579,"attrs":749,"content":750},{"textAlign":49},[751],{"text":752,"type":584},"The plant has now reopened after substantial funding from Hanwha Solutions, a South Korean conglomerate which, amongst other things, produces solar cells. Hanwha now owns a 33.3% stake in REC Silicon and signed an offtake for 100% of its solar grade polysilicon produced at the Moses Lake plant for the next ten years, valued at around $3 billion.",{"type":579,"attrs":754,"content":755},{"textAlign":49},[756],{"text":757,"type":584},"The offtake agreement does not explicitly state if this will impact silane gas availability, though the production of solar grade polysilicon requires silane gas.",{"type":579,"attrs":759,"content":760},{"textAlign":49},[761],{"text":762,"type":584},"This is one reason Pluvinage says OneD formed an exclusive partnership with Koch Modular. OneD is the only silicon anode company Koch will build its modular silane production facilities for.",{"type":579,"attrs":764,"content":765},{"textAlign":49},[766],{"text":767,"type":584},"GDI’s Anstey says he is less concerned about silane gas supplies, citing the fact that chip makers like Intel and AMD have been shipping silane gas for decades.",{"type":579,"attrs":769,"content":770},{"textAlign":49},[771],{"text":772,"type":584},"“Silane is an industrial commodity,” Anstey said. “You can scale silane just as easily as you can scale synthetic graphite, they just don’t want to do it until there are supply agreements.”","US-based silicon anode innovators kicked off 2024 with a flurry of announcements, laying the groundwork for further developments in the space. Silicon materials can be used directly as an active anode material (AAM) or mixed with graphite to form a blended material to improve anode performance. However, silicon expands around 300% when lithiated which poses […]",[775],{"slug":567,"name":568,"content":776},{"job_title":570,"image":777,"bio":573,"linkedin":574},{"filename":572},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"e4a32ec7-3716-4771-a8b0-3a15569e0bf8\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[781,783,786,789],{"slug":782,"name":261},"anode",{"slug":784,"name":785},"batteries","Batteries",{"slug":787,"name":788},"battery-technology","Battery Technology",{"slug":790,"name":791},"silicon-anode","Silicon Anode","private",{"id":49,"alt":794,"name":794,"focus":794,"title":794,"source":794,"filename":795,"copyright":794,"fieldtype":796,"meta_data":797,"is_external_url":51},"","https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/79d582c98e/bm-koch-silane-production-taiwan-2.png","asset",{"alt":794,"title":794,"source":794,"copyright":794},"Feb 02, 2024","2nd February 2024",[],[],1783093126521]