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targets copper and lithium under Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act","us-targets-copper-and-lithium-under-uyghur-forced-labor-prevention-act","article/us-targets-copper-and-lithium-under-uyghur-forced-labor-prevention-act",{"_uid":557,"date":558,"tags":559,"editor":572,"content":582,"excerpt":676,"featured":50,"reporter":677,"_editable":681,"component":682,"seo_title":553,"categories":683,"visibility":698,"author_company":49,"featured_image":699,"seo_description":676,"author_full_name":49,"author_job_title":49,"formattedDate":703,"formattedArticleDate":704},"38d05417-7a6f-4db5-8f5a-327f405e2c61","2025-08-27 00:00",[560,563,566,569],{"slug":561,"name":562},"china","China",{"slug":564,"name":565},"usa","USA",{"slug":567,"name":568},"policy","Policy",{"slug":570,"name":571},"esg","ESG",[573],{"slug":574,"name":575,"content":576},"matthew-bird","Matthew Bird",{"job_title":577,"image":578,"bio":580,"linkedin":581},"Senior Editor - Supply Chains & Data Visualisation",{"filename":579},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/512x512/14738033ec/matthew-bird.jpeg","Matthew writes, edits and produces content for Benchmark Intelligence and Benchmark Source across the whole mine to grid supply chain. He also acts as a liaison to the press. He has a PhD in electrochemistry from the University of Nottingham.","https://www.linkedin.com/in/birdmatthew/",{"type":583,"content":584},"doc",[585,592,597,602,609,614,619,634,646,651,656,661,666,671],{"type":586,"attrs":587,"content":588},"paragraph",{"textAlign":49},[589],{"text":590,"type":591},"The US Department of Homeland Security has designated copper and lithium imports from China for “high-priority” enforcement under the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA), due to alleged human-rights abuses in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.","text",{"type":586,"attrs":593,"content":594},{"textAlign":49},[595],{"text":596,"type":591},"The enforcement plan sets sector-specific requirements for traceability, documentation, and verification to prevent goods linked to forced labour in Xinjiang from entering US supply chains. Copper and lithium join a growing list of commodities targeted since the UFLPA came into force in 2022, including aluminium and polysilicon.",{"type":586,"attrs":598,"content":599},{"textAlign":49},[600],{"text":601,"type":591},"The UFLPA establishes a presumption that all goods produced wholly or partly in Xinjiang, or by entities on the UFLPA Entity List, involve forced labour and are therefore barred from the US market. Exemptions are granted if the importer provides evidence that forced labour was not used.",{"type":603,"attrs":604,"content":606},"heading",{"level":605,"textAlign":49},4,[607],{"text":608,"type":591},"What is Xinjiang’s role in the global lithium supply chain?",{"type":586,"attrs":610,"content":611},{"textAlign":49},[612],{"text":613,"type":591},"In July, a report published by Global Rights Compliance identified more than 100 companies in critical minerals supply chains with exposure to forced labour risks in Xinjiang. Lithium exploration, mining, processing, and battery production were highlighted as key risk areas, owing to the Chinese government’s target to expand lithium mining and downstream manufacturing in the region.",{"type":586,"attrs":615,"content":616},{"textAlign":49},[617],{"text":618,"type":591},"In 2025, Xinjiang’s lithium output is forecast to reach 24kt LCE, equal to 2% of global supply and 8% of China’s domestic supply, according to the Benchmark Lithium Forecast. Lithium in the region is extracted predominantly from brine and hardrock spodumene. ",{"type":586,"attrs":620,"content":621},{"textAlign":49},[622,624,632],{"text":623,"type":591},"Supply is projected to triple by 2030, reaching 3% of global and 12% of Chinese supply, ",{"text":625,"type":591,"marks":626},"underpinned by ~$2 billion worth of investment",[627],{"type":628,"attrs":629},"link",{"href":630,"uuid":49,"anchor":49,"target":49,"linktype":631},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/2-billion-xinjiang-lithium-investments-to-double-regions-supply","url",{"text":633,"type":591}," in the sector.",{"type":635,"attrs":636},"blok",{"id":637,"body":638},"c6522a0c-33a4-4ff2-9cdc-9a0930255140",[639],{"id":640,"_uid":641,"type":642,"_editable":643,"component":644,"fixed_height":645,"use_fixed_height":50,"fixed_height_mobile":645,"fixed_height_tablet":645},"24858449","i-4807276f-c156-4ee9-b95d-66a647aed361","visualisation","\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"ContentFlourish\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"i-4807276f-c156-4ee9-b95d-66a647aed361\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","ContentFlourish","",{"type":586,"attrs":647,"content":648},{"textAlign":49},[649],{"text":650,"type":591},"But the US does not import large quantities of lithium from China. In 2024, the US imported 33kt LCE from China, equivalent to 3% of US’ total lithium imports, according to Benchmark analysis of US trade data.",{"type":586,"attrs":652,"content":653},{"textAlign":49},[654],{"text":655,"type":591},"Further downstream, Xinjiang is home to a single operational cathode production facility, but has over 700,000 tonnes of capacity slated to come online by the end of the decade – equivalent to 5% of China’s pipeline capacity additions through to 2030.",{"type":586,"attrs":657,"content":658},{"textAlign":49},[659],{"text":660,"type":591},"In 2024, US lawmakers urged the Department of Homeland Security to add Chinese battery manufacturers CATL and Gotion to its forced labour entity list, alleging links between the companies and forced labour in the Xinjiang region. They warned that continued access for the firms to the US market risks exposing the country to complicity in human rights abuses.",{"type":603,"attrs":662,"content":663},{"level":605,"textAlign":49},[664],{"text":665,"type":591},"A minor copper footprint",{"type":586,"attrs":667,"content":668},{"textAlign":49},[669],{"text":670,"type":591},"Xinjiang hosts some copper mining and smelting capacity but accounts for \u003C0.5% of global supply, according to the Benchmark Copper Service. ",{"type":586,"attrs":672,"content":673},{"textAlign":49},[674],{"text":675,"type":591},"Refined copper imports met 45% of US demand in 2024, though less than 0.1% originated from China. The leading suppliers were Chile, Canada, and Mexico.","The US Department of Homeland Security has designated copper and lithium imports from China for “high‑priority” enforcement under the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA), due to alleged human‑rights abuses in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The enforcement plan sets sector‑specific requirements for traceability, documentation, and verification to prevent goods linked to forced labour in […]",[678],{"slug":574,"name":575,"content":679},{"job_title":577,"image":680,"bio":580,"linkedin":581},{"filename":579},"\u003C!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"article\", \"space\": \"\", \"uid\": \"38d05417-7a6f-4db5-8f5a-327f405e2c61\", \"id\": \"\"}-->","article",[684,687,690,693,695],{"slug":685,"name":686},"copper","Copper",{"slug":688,"name":689},"critical-minerals","Critical Minerals",{"slug":691,"name":692},"geopolitics","Geopolitics",{"slug":694,"name":8},"lithium",{"slug":696,"name":697},"sustainability","Sustainability","private",{"id":49,"alt":645,"name":645,"focus":645,"title":645,"source":645,"filename":700,"copyright":645,"fieldtype":701,"meta_data":702,"is_external_url":51},"https://a.storyblok.com/f/287943243085208/02023e5e64/bm-china-tightens-graphite-export-controls-to-the-us.jpg","asset",{"alt":645,"title":645,"source":645,"copyright":645},"Aug 27, 2025","27th August 2025",[],[],1792688563829]