Africa is a key mining destination for a range of critical minerals across the energy transition supply chain. However, the majority of these minerals are exported for processing outside of the region. Most notably, Africa is the largest source of mined cobalt, where the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the subject of a previous Regional Spotlight, is the world’s leading supplier. The continent also leads global supply of mined manganese ore; it was responsible for three quarters of this in 2025.

The greater deployment of drones is having a profound impact on the modern battlefield and has put the geopolitics of the battery supply chain into a new spotlight. In 2025, drones accounted for 39.2% of defence demand for batteries, according to Benchmark. This is up from just 20% in 2020. Soldier power and bases are the two next largest drivers of defence demand for batteries. "Drones have clearly risen to be the most influential aspect of modern military battery demand,” said Will Roberts, Benchmark’s automotive research lead.  “Major militaries are still just getting started in their strategic investments relating to them which is about to set off a flurry of activity to domesticate supply chains, something which is getting significant attention from major battery manufacturers and new entrants alike."

The US government has signed nearly $2 billion in deals looking to strengthen the US’s supply chain security for critical minerals and technologies. The capital takes multiple forms from equity loans to direct investments. The largest is a $1.4 billion conditional loan to Sila Nanotechnologies, a US-based silicon anode company. The company currently operates a facility in Moses Lake, Washington with plans for a second phase of production towards the end of the decade. This latest round of funding builds on the plethora of investments the US has made in the battery and critical mineral space over the course of Donald Trump’s second presidency such as investing in MP Materials’ rare earths project and Ivanhoe Electric’s Santa Cruz copper project. “While the Trump Administration continues to invest in critical minerals, know-how, and strategic technologies to build a mine-to-magnet supply chain, these recent investment announcements also reflect the US ambition to build a next-generation mine-to-battery supply chain to reduce its dependence on China,” said Bryan Bille, Benchmark’s policy and geopolitics principal.